Lachgas als Analgetikum in der Geburtshilfe
- 457 Downloads
- 3 Citations
Zusammenfassung
Die Lachgasinhalation wird seit mehr als 100 Jahren erfolgreich zur Schmerzlinderung in der Geburtshilfe eingesetzt. Ein günstiges pharmakologisches Profil sowie moderne Applikationsgeräte machen die Methode auch heute für werdende Mütter zu einer sicheren und attraktiven Alternative. Empfehlenswert ist der Einsatz von Lachgaskonzentrationen zwischen 30 und 50%, und Gebärende sollten vor Geburtsbeginn in die korrekte Technik eingewiesen werden, um möglichst gute Ergebnisse zu erzielen.
Schlüsselwörter
Geburtswehen Geburtshilfe Analgosedierung Analgesie FlowmeterNitrous oxide as analgesic in obstetrics
Abstract
Nitrous oxide inhalation has been used for more than 100 years to alleviate maternal pain during childbirth. A positive pharmacological profile and modern flowmeters are making the method a safe and attractive alternative for current mothers-to-be. Using nitrous oxide concentrations of 30–50 % is recommended and pregnant women should be taught to use the method before going into labor in order to achieve the best results.
Keywords
Labor pain Obstetrics Analgosedation Analgesia FlowmeterNotes
Interessenkonflikt
Die korrespondierende Autorin gibt für sich und ihre Koautoren an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Literatur
- 1.Pita CP et al (2012) Inhaled intrapartum analgesia using a 50–50% mixture of nitrous oxide-oxygen in a low-income hospital setting. Arch Gynecol Obstet 286(3):627–631PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.Kus M (1966) Contribution of Stanislaw Klikowicz to the development of obstetric analgesia. Pol Tyg Lek 21(16):602–605PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 3.Clyburn P (2001) The use of Entonox for labour pain should be abandoned. Int J Obstet Anesth 10(1):27–29PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Rooks JP (2007) Nitrous oxide for pain in labor – why not in the United States? Birth 34(1):3–5PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.AIHW (2009) Australia’s mothers and babies. Australian Government Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Perinatal Statistics Series 23Google Scholar
- 6.Creeley CE, Olney JW (2010) The young: neuroapoptosis induced by anesthetics and what to do about it. Anesth Analg 110(2):442–448PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.Rosen MA (2002) Nitrous oxide for relief of labor pain: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 186(5 Suppl Nature):S110–S126PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Georgiev SK, Baba H, Kohno T (2010) Nitrous oxide and the inhibitory synaptic transmission in rat dorsal horn neurons. Eur J Pain 14(1):17–22PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Kaufman E et al (1982) Nitrous oxide analgesia in selected dental patients. Anesth Prog 29(3):78–80PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Abraini JH et al (2003) Gamma-aminobutyric acid neuropharmacological investigations on narcosis produced by nitrogen, argon, or nitrous oxide. Anesth Analg 96(3):746–749 (table of contents)PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Stefani SJ et al (1982) Neonatal neurobehavioral effects of inhalation analgesia for vaginal delivery. Anesthesiology 56(5):351–355PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Hay DM (1978) Nitrous oxide transfer across the placenta and condition of the newborn at delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 85(4):299–302PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 13.Jones PL et al (1969) Methoxyflurane and nitrous oxide as obstetric analgesics. II. A comparison by self-administered intermittent inhalation. Br Med J 3(5665):259–262PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.McAneny TM, Doughty AG (1963) Self-Administered nitrous-oxide/oxygen analgesia in obstetrics. With particular reference to the ‚Lucy Baldwin‘ machine. Anaesthesia 18:488–497PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.(o A) (1970) Clinical trials of different concentrations of oxygen and nitrous oxide for obstetric analgesia. Report to the Medical Research Council of the Committee on nitrous oxide and oxygen analgesia in midwifery. Br Med J 1(5698):709–713Google Scholar
- 16.Parbrook GE (1968) Therapeutic uses of nitrous oxide: a review. Br J Anaesth 40(5):365–372PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Klomp T, Poppel M van, Jones L et al (2012) Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (9):CD009351. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009351.pub2Google Scholar
- 18.Holdcroft A, Morgan M (1974) An assessment of the analgesic effect in labour of pethidine and 50 percent nitrous oxide in oxygen (Entonox). J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 81(8):603–607PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.Harrison RF et al (1987) A comparative study of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), entonox, pethidine + promazine and lumbar epidural for pain relief in labor. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 66(1):9–14PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T et al (2012) Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2(3)Google Scholar
- 21.Rosen M et al (1969) Field trial of methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide, and trichloroethylene as obstetric analgesics. Br Med J 3(5665):263–267PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Huch A et al (1977) Continuous transcutaneous monitoring of fetal oxygen tension during labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 84(Suppl 1):1–39PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 23.Deckardt R et al (1987) Maternal arterial oxygen saturation during labor and delivery: pain-dependent alterations and effects on the newborn. Obstet Gynecol 70(1):21–25PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 24.Zelcer J, Owers H, Paull JD (1989) A controlled oximetric evaluation of inhalational, opioid and epidural analgesia in labour. Anaesth Intensive Care 17(4):418–421PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 25.Chamberlain G, Wraight A, Steer P (1993) Pain and its relief in childbirth: the results of a national survey. National Birthday Trust. Edinburgh (Scotland)Google Scholar
- 26.Layzer RB (1978) Myeloneuropathy after prolonged exposure to nitrous oxide. Lancet 2(8102):1227–1230PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.Donaldson M, Donaldson D, Quarnstrom FC (2012) Nitrous oxide-oxygen administration: when safety features no longer are safe. J Am Dent Assoc 143(2):134–143PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 28.EPA (2010) Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from natural sources. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
- 29.Pinder RW et al (2012) Climate change impacts of US reactive nitrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(20):7671–7675PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 30.State Department (2007) Fourth Climate Action Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Projected Greenhouse Gas Emissions, United States Department of State, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar