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Early Paleozoic magmatism and metallogeny in Northeast China: a record from the Tongshan porphyry Cu deposit

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Abstract

The Tongshan Cu deposit is located in the northern segment of the Great Xing'an Range and represents one of the few early Paleozoic porphyry Cu deposits in northeastern China. The granitic rocks in the Tongshan Cu deposit include concealed granodiorite and exposed tonalite, which yield LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb ages of 478 ± 3 Ma and 214 ± 3 Ma, respectively. The granodiorite has relatively high SiO2 (60.5–63.5 wt%) and Sr (596–786 ppm) contents, low Yb (1.21–1.53 ppm) and Y (9.81–13.0 ppm) contents, and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7038–0.7040), suggesting adakitic affinity. Combined with its positive εNd(t) values (3.5–5.4), low Mg# values (41–50), and low contents of Cr (18.6–29.0 ppm) and Ni (7.3–9.1 ppm), we propose an origin by partial melting of a juvenile mafic lower crust in a post-collisional setting after the amalgamation of the Erguna and Xing'an Blocks. The tonalite is characterized by high SiO2 (63.1–65.9 wt%) and Al2O3 (16.0–16.3 wt%) contents, low (87Sr/86Sr) i ratios (0.7041–0.7042), positive εNd(t) values (2.6–3.0), along with LILE and LREE enrichments and Nb–Ta–Ti depletions, suggesting an origin by partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust, coupled with fractional crystallization, in a post-orogenic setting after the collision between the Xing'an and Songnen Blocks. The δD values of ore-forming fluids range from −100 to −93 ‰, and the δ18O values calculated from hydrothermal quartz are between −3 and 10 ‰. The δ34S values of sulfides vary from −2.6 to −1.1 ‰. Field observations, as well as the geochronological and H–O–S isotopic data, suggest that the Cu mineralization at Tongshan was genetically linked with the granodiorite.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Chengman Han and Zongming Li for their help during field work. Bopeng Zhu is thanked for his assistance in LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating. We deeply appreciate the detailed and constructive comments provided by Prof. Bernd Lehmann, Prof. Ruizhong Hu, Dr. Daohui Pi, and two anonymous reviewers, which significantly improved our paper. This work was financially supported by the Special Scientific Research Fund of Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. 201211008), the resource compensation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. SDK2010-25), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2015M582299), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, No. 388 Lumo Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Xinlu Hu, Shuzhen Yao, Zhenju Ding & Mouchun He

  2. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Shuzhen Yao

  3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China

    Mouchun He

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  1. Xinlu Hu
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Correspondence to Xinlu Hu.

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ESM Fig. 1

Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of analyzed zircons from the tonalite (TS-081) and granodiorite (TS-015) in the Tongshan Cu deposit. (GIF 105 kb)

High resolution image. (TIF 11283 kb)

ESM Table 1

Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of quartz from the Tongshan Cu deposit. (DOC 31 kb)

ESM Table 2

Sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from the Tongshan Cu deposit. (DOC 29 kb)

ESM Table 3

LA-ICP-MS U–Pb data of zircons from the tonalite and granodiorite in the Tongshan Cu deposit. (DOC 76 kb)

ESM Table 4

Major oxides (wt%) and trace elements (ppm) for the tonalite and granodiorite in the Tongshan Cu deposit. (DOC 101 kb)

ESM Table 5

Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of the tonalite and granodiorite in the Tongshan Cu deposit. Chondrite uniform reservoir (CHUR) values (87Rb/86Sr = 0.0816, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7045, 147Sm/144Nd = 0.1967, and 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512638) are used for calculation. λRb = 1.42 × 10−11 (Steiger and Jäger 1977), λSm = 6.54 × 10−12 (Lugmair and Harti 1978). Two-stage model age (T DM2) calculations follow (Jahn et al. 1999). (DOC 34 kb)

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Hu, X., Yao, S., Ding, Z. et al. Early Paleozoic magmatism and metallogeny in Northeast China: a record from the Tongshan porphyry Cu deposit. Miner Deposita 52, 85–103 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-016-0653-0

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