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Allelic reduction and genetic shift in the Canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released from 1845 to 2004

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Abstract

Analysis of genetic diversity changes in existing gene pools of cultivated crops is important for understanding the impact of plant breeding on crop genetic diversity and developing effective indicators for genetic diversity of cultivated plants. The objective of this study was to assess genetic diversity changes in 75 Canadian hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars released from 1845 to 2004 using 31 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. A total of 267 SSR alleles were detected, and their allelic frequencies ranged from 0.01 to 0.97, with an average of 0.14. Significant allelic reduction was observed at only four SSR loci for the cultivars released from 1970 onwards. However, 51 alleles (about 19%) present in pre-1910 cultivars were undetected in cultivars released after 1990 and were spread over 27 SSR loci. The proportion of SSR variation accounted for by six breeding periods was 12.5%, by four ancestral families, 16.5%, and by eight breeding programs, 8.4%. The average genetic diversity measured by three different band-sharing methods did not change significantly among cultivars released from different breeding periods, breeding programs, and ancestral families. However, genetic shift was obvious in the cultivars released over the six breeding periods, reflecting well the various breeding efforts over years. These results clearly show the allelic reduction and genetic shift in the Canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released over time. Consequently, more effort needs to be made to broaden the wheat breeding base and conserve wheat germplasm.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Drs. Fran Clarke and Pierre Hucl for their stimulating discussions on the project; Mr. Dallas Kessler and Ms. Angela Taylor for their technical assistance in sampling, planting, and screening the germplasm; Dr. Bruce Coulman, Dr. Mohamed Mergoum, and Mr. Richard Gugel for their helpful comments on the early version of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Gene Resources of Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada

    Yong-Bi Fu, Yong-Bi Fu, Gregory W. Peterson & Ken W. Richards

  2. Cereal Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M9, Canada

    Daryl Somers

  3. Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 1030, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, S9H 3X2, Canada

    Ron M. DePauw & John M. Clarke

Authors
  1. Yong-Bi Fu
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  2. Gregory W. Peterson
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  3. Ken W. Richards
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  4. Daryl Somers
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  5. Ron M. DePauw
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  6. John M. Clarke
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Correspondence to Yong-Bi Fu.

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Communicated by R. Bernardo

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Fu, YB., Peterson, G.W., Richards, K.W. et al. Allelic reduction and genetic shift in the Canadian hard red spring wheat germplasm released from 1845 to 2004. Theor Appl Genet 110, 1505–1516 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-1988-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-1988-6

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