Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Bei der Erfassung kausaler Faktoren männlicher Fertilitätsstörungen spielen auch Umwelteinflüsse eine bedeutende Rolle. Das Wissen um die Wechselwirkungen zwischen solchen Einflüssen und reproduktiven Funktionen des Mannes eröffnet zudem die Möglichkeit eines präventiven Ansatzes in der Andrologie.
Ergebnisse
Relevante exogene Noxen sind Genussgifte, Pharmaka, Berufsstoffe, Umweltchemikalien und physikalische Faktoren. Da die Regulation der Spermatogenese und das Zusammenspiel vielfältiger Spermienfunktionen komplex sind, liegen nur für wenige Noxen gesicherte Kenntnisse vor. Dies ist nicht zuletzt auf die begrenzte Übertragbarkeit tierexperimenteller Befunde auf die Situation beim Menschen zurückzuführen.
Schlussfolgerung
In der andrologischen Sprechstunde sollten bei Erhebung der Anamnese mögliche Expositionsrisiken erfasst und die Patienten über eine gesicherte oder mögliche Relevanz für ihre Fertilität aufgeklärt werden.
Abstract
Background
The identification of potential environmental hazards may have clinical relevance for diagnosis of male infertility. Knowledge about these factors will improve prevention of fertility disorders.
Results
Apart from drugs or factors related to lifestyle such as alcohol and tobacco smoke, various environmental and occupational agents, both chemical and physical, may impair male reproductive functions. With regard to the complex regulation of the male reproductive system, the available information concerning single exogenous factors and their mechanisms of action in humans is limited. This is also due to the fact that extrapolation of results obtained from experimental animal studies remains difficult.
Conclusion
Nevertheless, the assessment of relevant exposures to reproductive toxicants should be carefully evaluated during diagnostic procedures of andrological patients.
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F.-M. Köhn und H.C. Schuppe geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Köhn, FM., Schuppe, H.C. Umweltfaktoren und männliche Fertilität. Urologe 55, 877–882 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-016-0150-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-016-0150-1