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Rhinoviren

Rhinoviruses

  • Schwerpunkt: Virale Atemwegserkrankungen
  • Published:
Der Internist Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Humane Rhinoviren besitzen zweifelsohne eine sehr große klinische Bedeutung. Sie sorgen nicht nur als Auslöser lästiger oberer Atemwegsinfektionen in der kalten Jahreszeit für gesellschaftlich relevante Morbidität, sondern spielen auch eine wesentliche Rolle als Auslöser akuter Exazerbationen chronischer Atemwegserkrankungen. Des Weiteren wird ihre Rolle bei Pneumonien und intensivpflichtigen Infektionen zunehmend diskutiert. Bislang gibt es nur unzureichende diagnostische Möglichkeiten, die vor allem im Rahmen von Studien genutzt werden, jedoch noch keinen Einzug in die tägliche Praxis gefunden haben. Auch die klinische Symptomatik ist zu unspezifisch, um individuell eine Rhinovirusinfektion sicher erkennen zu können. Neben den großen technischen Herausforderungen sind dies wichtige Gründe, warum spezifische präventive Ansätze (Impfstoff) und ebenso therapeutische Optionen immer noch fehlen.

Abstract

Human rhinoviruses (RV) belong to the Picornaviridae and are divided into three species: rhinovirus A, B and C. As causative viruses of upper airway infections (common cold), they possess enormous epidemiological and clinical importance. Furthermore, rhinoviruses are significant pathogens of acute exacerbations of chronic airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Their role as a cofactor in the development of pneumonia and their relevance in critically ill patients is still unclear and the focus of current research. Due to the unspecific clinical symptoms, diagnosis is difficult. Laboratory detection is sophisticated and a distinction between clinically relevant infection and contamination not always possible. Specific therapeutic antiviral strategies against rhinovirus infection do not exist as yet and, due to the large variety of subtypes, the development of vaccines remains a considerable challenge.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pneumologie/Allergologie, Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    A. Grünewaldt,  C. Hügel &  G. G. U. Rohde FERS

Authors
  1. A. Grünewaldt
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  2. C. Hügel
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  3. G. G. U. Rohde FERS
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Correspondence to G. G. U. Rohde FERS.

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Interessenkonflikt

A. Grünewaldt, C. Hügel und G.G.U. Rohde geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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C.F. Vogelmeier, Marburg

T. Welte, Hannover

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Grünewaldt, A., Hügel, C. & Rohde, G.G.U. Rhinoviren. Internist 60, 1151–1154 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-019-00672-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-019-00672-4

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