Ischämische Mitralklappeninsuffizienz
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Zusammenfassung
Die ischämische Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (IMI) geht auf einen direkten Myokardschaden infolge einer koronaren Herzerkrankung zurück. In Abhängigkeit vom zeitlichen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten der IMI und der akuten Myokardischämie unterscheidet man die akute von der chronischen Form. Die akute Form ist ein lebensbedrohlicher Notfall und bedarf zumeist einer zeitnahen operativen Versorgung. Die chronische IMI entwickelt sich meist als Spätfolge pathologischer Umbauvorgänge des linken Ventrikels oder des Klappenapparats und betrifft v. a. schwer vorerkrankte ältere Patienten. Diese häufigste Manifestation führt zu einer additiven Verschlechterung der bereits eingeschränkten Prognose. Die aktuellen Leitlinien empfehlen oft eine konservative Therapie der chronischen IMI, da der prognostische Nutzen operativer Verfahren bis dato unklar ist, wenn nicht die Notwendigkeit einer gleichzeitigen Revaskularisierungsmaßnahme besteht. Die Empfehlungen beruhen jedoch auf einer bislang unzureichenden Datenlage. Moderne operative und interventionelle Verfahren werden nicht berücksichtigt. Diese innovativen Methoden der Klappentherapie könnten die Behandlung der chronischen IMI zukünftig mit prägen.
Schlüsselwörter
Mitralklappeninsuffizienz Risikostratifizierung Klappenchirurgie Interventionelle Klappentherapie AnuloplastikIschemic mitral regurgitation
Abstract
Ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) is a complication of myocardial infarction due to coronary heart disease and may occur during the course of acute ischemia or delayed following adverse left ventricular remodeling. Acute ischemic MR represents a life-threatening condition and requires immediate surgical correction. Chronic ischemic MR develops time-delayed from acute ischemia and is caused by pathological remodeling of the left ventricle or valvular apparatus and mostly affects older patients with severe comorbidities. This common manifestation of ischemic MR contributes to the poor prognosis of such patients. Therapeutic options for the treatment of patients with chronic ischemic MR are limited as current guidelines are based on weak evidence and the optimal treatment is still a matter of controversy. Surgical correction of chronic ischemic MR is only advised in patients with indications for concomitant surgical revascularization and modern interventional or surgical treatment strategies to reduce MR are not included in these guidelines. Modern surgical options and new interventional procedures are available and will influence future treatment strategies of this chronic manifestation of MR.
Keywords
Ischemic mitral regurgitation Risk stratification Surgical valve therapy Interventional valve therapy AnnuloplastyNotes
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor gibt für sich und seine Koautoren an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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