Septischer Kreislaufschock und septische Kardiomyopathie
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Zusammenfassung
Der septische Schock ist nicht nur ein „Kreislaufschock“, sondern auch ein „Herzschock“, bedingt durch die als „septische Kardiomyopathie“ bezeichnete, potenziell reversible Schädigung des Herzens. Störungen der Makro- und Mikrozirkulation, eine individuell unterschiedlich ausgeprägte kardiale Funktionseinschränkung sowie eine hochgradige Einschränkung der bedarfsorientierten Regulation der Herzfunktion stellen die Komponenten des septischen Schocks dar. Bakterientoxine, inflammatorische Mediatoren sowie die disseminierte intravasale Gerinnung/Verbrauchskoagulopathie sind ursächlich für die Schädigungen anzuschuldigen; die kardiale Regulationsstörung wird durch die Interaktion von Endotoxin mit dem Schrittmacherstrom I f entscheidend mitgeprägt. Zur Abschätzung des Anteils von Kreislauf- und Herzschädigung am Schockgeschehen ist deren Quantifizierung hilfreich; für die Kreislaufkomponente ist die Abnahme des systemischen Gefäßwiderstands repräsentativ und für die Herzkomponente die Reduktion der relativen nachlastbezogenen Herzfunktion. Je stärker die Kreislauf- und Herzschädigung, umso ungünstiger ist die Prognose des Sepsispatienten. Die Therapie des septischen Kreislaufschocks und der septischen Kardiomyopathie ist noch weitgehend symptomatisch; erste kausale Therapieansätze sind in Erprobung.
Schlüsselwörter
Septischer Schock Septische Kardiomyopathie Autonome Dysfunktion Endotoxin Schrittmacherstrom IfSeptic circulatory shock and septic cardiomyopathy
Abstract
Septic shock is not only a circulatory shock but is also a cardiac shock, the consequence of a potentially reversible heart impairment known as septic cardiomyopathy. Disturbances of macrocirculation as well as microcirculation, an individually heterogeneous reduction of cardiac function, and an extensive impairment of demand-oriented regulation of heart function characterize the septic shock state. Bacterial toxins, inflammatory mediators, and a disseminated intravasal coagulopathy are responsible for these disturbances; for the impairment of cardiac regulation, the interaction of endotoxin with the cardiac pacemaker current I f also plays a role. Circulatory shock as well as septic cardiomyopathy should be quantified: The lowering of systemic vascular resistance characterizes the extent of circulatory shock, and the reduction of relative cardiac output in relation to afterload characterizes the extent of septic cardiomyopathy. The intensity of circulatory as well as of cardiac impairment correlates with an unfavorable prognosis. Treatment of septic circulatory shock and of septic cardiomyopathy is predominantly symptomatic; first causal approaches are under investigation.
Keywords
Septic shock Septic cardiomyopathy Autonomic dysfunction Endotoxin Pacemaker current IfNotes
Interessenkonflikt
Keine Angaben.
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