Zusammenfassung
Über die chemosensorische Reizverarbeitung im Schlaf ist noch vergleichsweise wenig bekannt. Frühere, methodisch noch stark limitierte Studien hatten in Frage gestellt, ob chemosensorische Reize überhaupt im Schlaf verarbeitet werden. Hintergrund für die begrenzte Datenlage sind physiologische Aspekte und methodische Schwierigkeiten (rasch eintretende Adaptation, artefaktfreie Reizdarbietung usw.). Die Verarbeitung von Sinnesreizen im Schlaf lässt sich u. a. durch die Erfassung von evozierten Potenzialen, von induzierten Arousal- und Weckreaktionen sowie durch den Einfluss der nächtlichen Stimulation auf psychische Prozesse erfassen. Die Ableitung chemosensorisch evozierter Potenziale im Schlaf wurde 2006 demonstriert. Eine aktuelle Arbeit mit verbesserter Methodik ließ deutlich werden, dass durch rein olfaktorische Reize keine Arousal- oder Weckreaktionen ausgelöst werden können. Schließlich gelang der Nachweis, dass sich durch eine nächtliche olfaktorische Stimulation Lernprozesse verbessern und das emotionale Traumerleben beeinflussen lassen.
Abstract
Comparatively little is known about chemosensory processing during sleep. Earlier studies with significant methodological limitations investigated whether olfactory stimulation is processed during sleep at all. The scantness of available data is explained by physiological aspects and methodological difficulties (e.g. rapid adaptation, co-stimulation, etc.). Chemosensory processing during sleep can be assessed by means of event-related potentials, induced arousals or awakenings or by assessing effects on psychological functions. Chemosensory event-related potentials could be demonstrated in 2006. Recent studies with improved methodology have shown that isolated olfactory stimulation does not lead to arousals or awakenings. Finally, the impact of nocturnal olfactory stimulation on learning and emotional dream content could be described.
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Stuck, B. Chemosensorische Reizverarbeitung im Schlaf. HNO 58, 564–568 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-009-2071-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-009-2071-4