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Bedeutung von Klima- und Umweltschutz für die Gesundheit mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Schädigungen der Hautbarriere und allergischen Folgeerkrankungen

The significance of climate and environment protection for health under special consideration of skin barrier damages and allergic sequelae

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die menschliche Haut erfüllt neben der Lunge und dem Darm eine zentrale Barrierefunktion hinsichtlich der Interaktion des Körpers mit der Umwelt. Eine kontinuierliche Exposition gegenüber Umwelteinflüssen kann zu Schädigungen der epithelialen Barriere führen und somit den Weg für die Entwicklung von Atopien bahnen. Letztere bezeichnen die Neigung zu Allergien, d. h. Überempfindlichkeitsreaktionen der Haut, des Darms und der Atemwege auf im Grunde unschädliche Umweltstoffe.

Allergien zählen zu den nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten (NCDs, Non-communicable Diseases). Gemäß der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) stellen Allergien die aktuell größte medizinische Herausforderung dar. Sie sind die häufigsten und im Lebenslauf am ehesten auftretenden NCDs und zeichnen sich durch einen hohen und vielfältigen Leidensdruck aus. Die Verbreitung von Allergien innerhalb der Bevölkerung nimmt stetig zu, was steigende Fallzahlen belegen. Als Folge davon entstehen hohe sozioökonomische Belastungen und demnach der dringende Bedarf effektiver Präventionsmaßnahmen. Deren Potenzial wird längst nicht effektiv eingesetzt. Die Schlüsselrolle der Hautbarriere bezüglich der Abwehr von Atopien eröffnet zusätzlich neue Möglichkeiten der Prävention. Sie liegen in einer ambitionierten Umwelt- und Klimapolitik begründet, die die Barriere schädigender Umweltfaktoren gezielt adressieren.

Basierend auf dieser Annahme erklärt dieser Artikel, welche umwelt- und klimapolitischen Maßnahmen hierfür geeignet wären. Die zwei primären Argumente für solche Maßnahmen sind sowohl eine Entlastung des Gesundheitswesens als auch eine deutliche Erhöhung der Lebensqualität für die Betroffenen. Sie legitimieren erst eine ambitionierte Umwelt- und Klimapolitik, für deren konkrete Umsetzung eine integrierte Betrachtungsweise von (Allergie‑)Prävention und Umwelt erforderlich ist und für deren Akzeptanz in Politik und Gesellschaft nun dringend geworben werden muss.

Abstract

The skin, together with gut and respiratory tract, harbor a central epithelial barrier function in regards to the interaction of an individual with the environment. Continuing exposure to environmental influences can cause epithelial barrier damages and thus pave the way for atopy development. The latter describes the tendency for allergies, i. e. hypersensitivity of the skin, intestine, and respiratory tract towards per se unharmful environmental substances.

Allergies are classified as non-communicable diseases (NCDs). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), they are presently the most demanding medical challenge. Allergies are the most frequent NCDs and are characterized by a high and multi-facetted level of suffering. An enormous socio-economic burden and the urgent need for effective prevention follows as consequence. Prevention options have by no means been sufficiently used. Within the skin barrier’s key function in regards to the defense of atopic diseases are so far inadequately used prevention possibilities. They are based on ambitious environmental and climatic policy that pointedly addresses the barrier disrupting environmental factors.

On the basis of this proposition, the present article assigns appropriate environmental and climatic policy measures. The two main arguments for such measures are a disburdening of the healthcare system as well as a far better life quality for the affected people. They are the legitimization towards an ambitious environmental and climatic policy. For its realization an integrated approach of (allergy) prevention and environmental research is necessary. Now, campaigning for its acceptance in politics and society is an urgent matter.

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Danksagung

Die Autoren bedanken sich bei Herrn Volker Schiller für seine kritische Textkorrektur.

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  1. Universitäres Zentrum für Gesundheitswissenschaften, UNIKA-T, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland

    Clemens Heuson

  2. Lehrstuhl und Institut für Umweltmedizin, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität München und Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neusässer Straße 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

  3. CK-CARE, Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Schweiz

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

  4. Ambulanz für Umweltmedizin, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland

    Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann

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Heuson, C., Traidl-Hoffmann, C. Bedeutung von Klima- und Umweltschutz für die Gesundheit mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Schädigungen der Hautbarriere und allergischen Folgeerkrankungen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 61, 684–696 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-018-2742-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-018-2742-y

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