GLP-1: ein neues Therapieprinzip für die Behandlung des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
- 79 Downloads
Kasuistik
Bei einem 58-jährigen Patienten, der aufgrund einer Psoriasis in der dermatologischen Abteilung einer Universitätsklinik behandelt wird, zeigt sich in der Labordiagnostik ein HbA1c-Wert von 8,4%. Die Laborkontrolle wurde durchgeführt, da bei dem Patienten vor 3 Jahren ein Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 festgestellt worden war. Der Patient hat einen Body-Mass-Index von 29 kg/m2, und es sind eine arterielle Hypertonie und Dyslipoproteinämie bekannt. In den Blutzuckertagesprofilen fallen insbesondere erhöhte postprandiale Blutzuckerspiegel mit Werten von 230 mg/dl auf. Bereits bei der Erstdiagnose ist eine Behandlung mit Metformin eingeleitet worden, die aktuelle Dosierung liegt bei 2 x 1000 mg. Durch die diabetologische Abteilung der Klinik erfolgt die Einleitung einer Add-on-Therapie mit Sitagliptin (JANUVIA®) 100 mg/Tag. Darunter kommt es im Laufe von 10 Tagen zu einer Normalisierung der erhöhten Blutzuckerspiegel, und der HbA1c-Wert liegt nach 3 Monaten bei 6,7%.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
- 1.Icks A, Rathmann W, Haastert B, et al. [Quality of care and extent of complications in a population-based sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The KORA Survey 2000.] Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2006;131:73–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 2.Elrick H, Stimmler L, Hlad CJ Jr, et al. Plasma insulin response to oral and intravenous glucose administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1964;24:1076–82.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 3.Creutzfeldt W. The incretin concept today. Diabetologia 1979;16:75–85.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 4.Dupre J, Ross SA, Watson D, et al. Stimulation of insulin secretion by gastric inhibitory polypeptide in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1973;37:826–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Schmidt WE, Siegel EG, Creutzfeldt W. Glucagon-like peptide-1 but not glucagon-like peptide-2 stimulates insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 1985;28:704–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 6.Kreymann B, Williams G, Ghatei MA, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36: a physiological incretin in man. Lancet 1987;2:1300–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 7.Nauck MA, Heimesaat MM, Behle K, et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 on counterregulatory hormone responses, cognitive functions, and insulin secretion during hyperinsulinemic, stepped hypoglycemic clamp experiments in healthy volunteers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1239–46.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Nauck MA, Kleine N, Orskov C, et al. Normalization of fasting hyperglycaemia by exogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1993;36:741–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Nauck MA, Homberger E, Siegel EG, et al. Incretin effects of increasing glucose loads in man calculated from venous insulin and C-peptide responses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63:492–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 10.Lu M, Wheeler MB, Leng XH, et al. Stimulation of insulin secretion and insulin gene expression by gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1993;106:42–53.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 11.Ritzel R, Orskov C, Holst JJ, et al. Pharmacokinetic, insulinotropic, and glucagonostatic properties of GLP-1 [7-36 amide] after subcutaneous injection in healthy volunteers. Dose-response relationships. Diabetologia 1995;38:720–5.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 12.Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Salmen S, et al. Normalization of glucose concentrations and deceleration of gastric emptying after solid meals during intravenous glucagon-like peptide 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2719–25.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Kranz D, et al. Secretion, degradation, and elimination of glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and healthy control subjects. Diabetes 2004;53:654–62.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 14.Nauck MA, Bartels E, Orskov C, et al. Additive insulinotropic effects of exogenous synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide infused at near-physiological insulinotropic hormone and glucose concentrations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;76:912–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Meier JJ, Hucking K, Holst JJ, et al. Reduced insulinotropic effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2001;50:2497–504.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 16.Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Kask B, et al. Stimulation of insulin secretion by intravenous bolus injection and continuous infusion of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type 2 diabetes and healthy control subjects. Diabetes 2004;53:Suppl 3:S220–4.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 17.Meier JJ, Nauck MA, Siepmann N, et al. Similar insulin secretory response to a gastric inhibitory polypeptide bolus injection at euglycemia in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and control subjects. Metabolism 2003;52:1579–85.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 18.Nauck MA, El-Ouaghlidi A, Gabrys B, et al. Secretion of incretin hormones (GIP and GLP-1) and incretin effect after oral glucose in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Regul Pept 2004;122:209–17.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 19.Butler AE, Janson J, Bonner-Weir S, et al. Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2003;52:102–10.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 20.Ritzel RA, Butler AE, Rizza RA, et al. Relationship between beta-cell mass and fasting blood glucose concentration in humans. Diabetes Care 2006;29:717–8.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 21.Xu G, Stoffers DA, Habener JF, et al. Exendin-4 stimulates both beta-cell replication and neogenesis, resulting in increased beta-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Diabetes 1999;48:2270–6.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 22.Buse JB, Henry RR, Han J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2628–35.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 23.DeFronzo RA, Ratner RE, Han J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1092–100.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 24.Kendall DM, Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1083–91.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 25.Buse JB, Rosenstock J, Sesti G, et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet 2009;374:39–47.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 26.Nauck MA, Ratner RE, Kapitza C, et al. Treatment with the human once-weekly glucagon-like peptide- 1 analog taspoglutide in combination with metformin improves glycemic control and lowers body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1237–43.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 27.Matthews JE, Stewart MW, De Boever EJ, et al. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of albiglutide, a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic, in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:4810–7.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 28.Kim D, MacConell L, Zhuang D, et al. Effects of once-weekly dosing of a long-acting release formulation of exenatide on glucose control and body weight in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1487–93.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 29.Mentlein R. Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26) — role in the inactivation of regulatory peptides. Regul Pept 1999;85:9–24.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 30.Raz I, Hanefeld M, Xu L, et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2006;49:2564–71.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 31.Rosenstock J, Baron MA, Dejager S, et al. Comparison of vildagliptin and rosiglitazone monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, double-blind, randomized trial. Diabetes Care 2007;30:217–23.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 32.Goldstein BJ, Feinglos MN, Lunceford JK, et al. Effect of initial combination therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1979–87.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 33.Hermansen K, Kipnes M, Luo E, et al. Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9:733–45.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 34.Fonseca V, Schweizer A, Albrecht D, et al. Addition of vildagliptin to insulin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2007;50:1148–55.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 35.Rosenstock J, Kim SW, Baron MA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of initial combination therapy with vildagliptin and pioglitazone compared with component monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9:175–85.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 36.DeFronzo RA, Hissa MN, Garber AJ, et al. The efficacy and safety of saxagliptin when added to metformin therapy in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes with metformin alone. Diabetes Care 2009;32:1649–55.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 37.Chacra AR, Tan GH, Apanovitch A, et al. Saxagliptin added to a submaximal dose of sulphonylurea improves glycaemic control compared with uptitration of sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2009;63:1395–406.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 38.Hollander P, Li J, Allen E, et al. Saxagliptin added to a thiazolidinedione improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate control on thiazolidinedione alone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:4810–9.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 39.Nauck M, Stockmann F, Ebert R, et al. Reduced incretin effect in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 1986;29:46–52.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 40.Meier JJ, Gallwitz B, Nauck MA. Glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide: potential applications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. BioDrugs 2003;17:93–102.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar