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Vertebrate cranial mesoderm: developmental trajectory and evolutionary origin

  • Bhakti Vyas
  • Nitya Nandkishore
  • Ramkumar SambasivanEmail author
Review
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Abstract

Vertebrate cranial mesoderm is a discrete developmental unit compared to the mesoderm below the developing neck. An extraordinary feature of the cranial mesoderm is that it includes a common progenitor pool contributing to the chambered heart and the craniofacial skeletal muscles. This striking developmental potential and the excitement it generated led to advances in our understanding of cranial mesoderm developmental mechanism. Remarkably, recent findings have begun to unravel the origin of its distinct developmental characteristics. Here, we take a detailed view of the ontogenetic trajectory of cranial mesoderm and its regulatory network. Based on the emerging evidence, we propose that cranial and posterior mesoderm diverge at the earliest step of the process that patterns the mesoderm germ layer along the anterior–posterior body axis. Further, we discuss the latest evidence and their impact on our current understanding of the evolutionary origin of cranial mesoderm. Overall, the review highlights the findings from contemporary research, which lays the foundation to probe the molecular basis of unique developmental potential and evolutionary origin of cranial mesoderm.

Keywords

Head mesoderm Cardiopharyngeal field Head muscles Vertebrate head evolution Mesoderm development 
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Notes

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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineBengaluruIndia
  2. 2.Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
  3. 3.SASTRA UniversityThanjavurIndia
  4. 4.Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) TirupatiTirupatiIndia

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