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Cellular functions of stem cell factors mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system

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Abstract

Stem cells undergo partitioning through mitosis and separate into specific cells of each of the three embryonic germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Pluripotency, reprogramming, and self-renewal are essential elements of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and it is becoming evident that regulation of protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is one of the key cellular mechanisms in ESCs. Although the framework of that mechanism may seem simple, it involves complicated proteolytic machinery. The UPS controls cell development, survival, differentiation, lineage commitment, migration, and homing processes. This review is centered on the connection between stem cell factors NANOG, OCT-3/4, SOX2, KLF4, C-MYC, LIN28, FAK, and telomerase and the UPS. Herein, we summarize recent findings and discuss potential UPS mechanisms involved in pluripotency, reprogramming, differentiation, and self-renewal. Interactions between the UPS and stem cell transcription factors can apply to various human diseases which can be treated by generating more efficient iPSCs. Such complexes may permit the design of novel therapeutics and the establishment of biomarkers that may be used in diagnosis and prognosis development. Therefore, the UPS is an important target for stem cell therapeutic product research.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank members of Baek laboratory for their critical comments on the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Republic of Korea

    Jihye Choi & Kwang-Hyun Baek

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  1. Jihye Choi
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  2. Kwang-Hyun Baek
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JC: manuscript writing; KHB: manuscript writing, final approval of manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kwang-Hyun Baek.

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Choi, J., Baek, KH. Cellular functions of stem cell factors mediated by the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 1947–1957 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2770-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2770-7

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