Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

, Volume 68, Issue 5, pp 785–801 | Cite as

The plasmin–antiplasmin system: structural and functional aspects

Review
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

The plasmin–antiplasmin system plays a key role in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Plasmin and α2-antiplasmin are primarily responsible for a controlled and regulated dissolution of the fibrin polymers into soluble fragments. However, besides plasmin(ogen) and α2-antiplasmin the system contains a series of specific activators and inhibitors. The main physiological activators of plasminogen are tissue-type plasminogen activator, which is mainly involved in the dissolution of the fibrin polymers by plasmin, and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, which is primarily responsible for the generation of plasmin activity in the intercellular space. Both activators are multidomain serine proteases. Besides the main physiological inhibitor α2-antiplasmin, the plasmin–antiplasmin system is also regulated by the general protease inhibitor α2-macroglobulin, a member of the protease inhibitor I39 family. The activity of the plasminogen activators is primarily regulated by the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2, members of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily.

Keywords

Plasmin(ogen) α2-Antiplasmin Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) Plasminogen activators Plasminogen activator inhibitors α2-Macroglobulin Multidomain serine proteases 

Abbreviations

A2PI

α2-Antiplasmin, α2-Plasmin inhibitor

CHO

Carbohydrate

EGF-like

Epidermal growth factor-like

FN1

Fibronectin type I

K

Kringle

LBS

Lysine binding site

LMW

Low molecular weight

α2M

α2-Macroglobulin

NTP

N-terminal peptide of Pgn

PAI-1, -2

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, 2

Pgn

Plasminogen

Plm

Plasmin

RCL

Reactive centre loop

Serpin

Serine protease inhibitor

tPA

Tissue-type plasminogen activator

uPA

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator

uPAR

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

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© Springer Basel AG 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

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