Journal of High Energy Physics

, 2014:95 | Cite as

Magnetothermodynamics of BPS baby skyrmions

  • C. Adam
  • T. Romanczukiewicz
  • J. Sanchez-Guillen
  • A. Wereszczynski
Open Access
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Abstract

The magnetothermodynamics of skyrmion type matter described by the gauged BPS baby Skyrme model at zero temperature is investigated. We prove that the BPS property of the model is preserved also for boundary conditions corresponding to an asymptotically constant magnetic field. The BPS bound and the corresponding BPS equations saturating the bound are found. Further, we show that one may introduce pressure in the gauged model by a redefinition of the superpotential. Interestingly, this is related to non-extremal type solutions in the so-called fake supersymmetry method. Finally, we compute the equation of state of magnetized BSP baby skyrmions inserted into an external constant magnetic field H and under external pressure P , i.e., V = V (P, H), where V is the “volume” (area) occupied by the skyrmions. We show that the BPS baby skyrmions form a ferromagnetic medium.

Keywords

Field Theories in Lower Dimensions Solitons Monopoles and Instantons Chiral Lagrangians Topological States of Matter 

Notes

Open Access

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

References

  1. [1]
    T.H.R. Skyrme, A non-linear field theory, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lon. 260 (1961) 127 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  2. [2]
    T.H.R. Skyrme, A Unified Field Theory of Mesons and Baryons, Nucl. Phys. 31 (1962) 556 [INSPIRE].CrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  3. [3]
    T.H.R. Skyrme, Kinks and the Dirac equation, J. Math. Phys. 12 (1971) 1735 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  4. [4]
    E. Witten, Global Aspects of Current Algebra, Nucl. Phys. B 223 (1983) 422 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  5. [5]
    M.J. Duff, B.E.W. Nilsson and C.N. Pope, Superunification from Eleven-Dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B 233 (1984) 433 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  6. [6]
    C.G. Callan Jr. and E. Witten, Monopole Catalysis of Skyrmion Decay, Nucl. Phys. B 239 (1984) 161 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  7. [7]
    M. Durgut and N.K. Pak, Neutron-Proton Mass Difference in the Skyrme Model, Phys. Lett. B 159 (1985) 357 [Erratum ibid. 162B (1985) 405] [INSPIRE].
  8. [8]
    B.M.A.G. Piette and D.H. Tchrakian, Static solutions in the U(1) gauged Skyrme model, Phys. Rev. D 62 (2000) 025020 [hep-th/9709189] [INSPIRE].ADSMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  9. [9]
    E. Radu and D.H. Tchrakian, Spinning U(1) gauged skyrmions, Phys. Lett. B 632 (2006) 109 [hep-th/0509014] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. [10]
    Y. Shnir and G. Zhilin, Gauged Hopfions, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 105010 [arXiv:1404.4867] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  11. [11]
    P. Sutcliffe, Skyrmions, instantons and holography, JHEP 08 (2010) 019 [arXiv:1003.0023] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  12. [12]
    P. Sutcliffe, Skyrmions in a truncated BPS theory, JHEP 04 (2011) 045 [arXiv:1101.2402] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  13. [13]
    Y.-L. Ma, Y. Oh, G.-S. Yang, M. Harada, H.K. Lee et al., Hidden Local Symmetry and Infinite Tower of Vector Mesons for Baryons, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 074025 [arXiv:1206.5460] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  14. [14]
    Y.-L. Ma, G.-S. Yang, Y. Oh and M. Harada, Skyrmions with vector mesons in the hidden local symmetry approach, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 034023 [arXiv:1209.3554] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  15. [15]
    C. Adam, J. Sanchez-Guillen and A. Wereszczynski, A Skyrme-type proposal for baryonic matter, Phys. Lett. B 691 (2010) 105 [arXiv:1001.4544] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. [16]
    C. Adam, J. Sanchez-Guillen and A. Wereszczynski, A BPS Skyrme model and baryons at large N c, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 085015 [arXiv:1007.1567] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  17. [17]
    C. Adam, C. Naya, J. Sanchez-Guillen and A. Wereszczynski, Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfield Skyrme Model and Nuclear Binding Energies, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 232501 [arXiv:1312.2960] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. [18]
    C. Adam, C. Naya, J. Sanchez-Guillen and A. Wereszczynski, Nuclear binding energies from a Bogomolnyi-Prasad-Sommerfield Skyrme model, Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 054313 [arXiv:1309.0820] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  19. [19]
    E. Bonenfant and L. Marleau, Nuclei as near BPS-Skyrmions, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 054023 [arXiv:1007.1396] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  20. [20]
    E. Bonenfant, L. Harbour and L. Marleau, Near-BPS Skyrmions: Non-shell configurations and Coulomb effects, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 114045 [arXiv:1205.1414] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  21. [21]
    M.-O. Beaudoin and L. Marleau, Near-BPS Skyrmions: Constant baryon density, Nucl. Phys. B 883 (2014) 328 [arXiv:1305.4944] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  22. [22]
    B.M.A.G. Piette, B.J. Schroers and W.J. Zakrzewski, Multi-solitons in a two-dimensional Skyrme model, Z. Phys. C 65 (1995) 165 [hep-th/9406160] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  23. [23]
    B.M.A.G. Piette, B.J. Schroers and W.J. Zakrzewski, Dynamics of baby skyrmions, Nucl. Phys. B 439 (1995) 205 [hep-ph/9410256] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  24. [24]
    I. Hen and M. Karliner, Rotational symmetry breaking in baby Skyrme models, Nonlinearity 21 (2008) 399 [arXiv:0710.3939] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  25. [25]
    M. Karliner and I. Hen, Review of Rotational Symmetry Breaking in Baby Skyrme Models, arXiv:0901.1489 [INSPIRE].
  26. [26]
    Y. Brihaye, T. Delsate, N. Sawado and Y. Kodama, Inflating baby-Skyrme branes in six dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 106002 [arXiv:1007.0736] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  27. [27]
    T. Delsate, M. Hayasaka and N. Sawado, Non-axisymmetric baby-skyrmion branes, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 125009 [arXiv:1208.6341] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  28. [28]
    J. Jaykka, M. Speight and P. Sutcliffe, Broken Baby Skyrmions, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 468 (2012) 1085 [arXiv:1106.1125] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  29. [29]
    J. Jaykka and M. Speight, Easy plane baby skyrmions, Phys. Rev. D 82 (2010) 125030 [arXiv:1010.2217] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  30. [30]
    D. Foster, Baby Skyrmion chains, Nonlinearity 23 (2010) 465 [arXiv:0904.3846] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  31. [31]
    D. Foster and P. Sutcliffe, Baby Skyrmions stabilized by vector mesons, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 125026 [arXiv:0901.3622] [INSPIRE].ADSMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  32. [32]
    R.A. Battye and M. Haberichter, Isospinning baby Skyrmion solutions, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 125016 [arXiv:1309.3907] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  33. [33]
    A. Halavanau and Y. Shnir, Isorotating Baby Skyrmions, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 085028 [arXiv:1309.4318] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  34. [34]
    M. Kobayashi and M. Nitta, Fractional vortex molecules and vortex polygons in a baby Skyrme model, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 125013 [arXiv:1307.0242] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  35. [35]
    M. Nitta, Correspondence between Skyrmions in 2+1 and 3+1 Dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 025013 [arXiv:1210.2233] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  36. [36]
    S. Bolognesi and P. Sutcliffe, A low-dimensional analogue of holographic baryons, J. Phys. A 47 (2014) 135401 [arXiv:1311.2685] [INSPIRE].ADSMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  37. [37]
    P. Jennings and P. Sutcliffe, The dynamics of domain wall Skyrmions, J. Phys. A 46 (2013) 465401 [arXiv:1305.2869] [INSPIRE].ADSMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  38. [38]
    B.A. Malomed, Y. Shnir and G. Zhilin, Spontaneous symmetry breaking in dual-core baby-Skyrmion systems, arXiv:1402.0683 [INSPIRE].
  39. [39]
    J. Gladikowski, B.M.A.G. Piette and B.J. Schroers, Skyrme-Maxwell solitons in (2 + 1)-dimensions, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 844 [hep-th/9506099] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  40. [40]
    B.J. Schroers, Bogomolny solitons in a gauged O(3) sigma model, Phys. Lett. B 356 (1995) 291 [hep-th/9506004] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  41. [41]
    T. Gisiger and M.B. Paranjape, Solitons in a baby Skyrme model with invariance under volume/area preserving diffeomorphisms, Phys. Rev. D 55 (1997) 7731 [hep-ph/9606328] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  42. [42]
    C. Adam, T. Romanczukiewicz, J. Sanchez-Guillen and A. Wereszczynski, Investigation of restricted baby Skyrme models, Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 085007 [arXiv:1002.0851] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  43. [43]
    J.M. Speight, Compactons and semi-compactons in the extreme baby Skyrme model, J. Phys. A 43 (2010) 405201 [arXiv:1006.3754] [INSPIRE].MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  44. [44]
    C. Adam, C. Naya, J. Sanchez-Guillen and A. Wereszczynski, The gauged BPS baby Skyrme model, Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 045010 [arXiv:1205.1532] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  45. [45]
    O. Alvarez, L.A. Ferreira and J. Sanchez-Guillen, A New approach to integrable theories in any dimension, Nucl. Phys. B 529 (1998) 689 [hep-th/9710147] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  46. [46]
    O. Alvarez, L.A. Ferreira and J. Sanchez-Guillen, Integrable theories and loop spaces: Fundamentals, applications and new developments, Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 24 (2009) 1825 [arXiv:0901.1654] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  47. [47]
    S. Bolognesi and P. Sutcliffe, The Sakai-Sugimoto soliton, JHEP 01 (2014) 078 [arXiv:1309.1396] [INSPIRE].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. [48]
    M. Atiyah and P. Sutcliffe, Skyrmions, instantons, mass and curvature, Phys. Lett. B 605 (2005) 106 [hep-th/0411052] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. [49]
    C. Adam, C. Naya, J. Sanchez-Guillen, J.M. Speight and A. Wereszczynski, Thermodynamics of the BPS Skyrme model, Phys. Rev. D 90 (2014) 045003 [arXiv:1405.2927] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar
  50. [50]
    D. Bazeia, L. Losano, R. Menezes and J.C. R.E. Oliveira, Generalized Global Defect Solutions, Eur. Phys. J. C 51 (2007) 953 [hep-th/0702052] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. [51]
    D. Bazeia, L. Losano and R. Menezes, First-order framework and generalized global defect solutions, Phys. Lett. B 668 (2008) 246 [arXiv:0807.0213] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. [52]
    M. Trigiante, T. Van Riet and B. Vercnocke, Fake supersymmetry versus Hamilton-Jacobi, JHEP 05 (2012) 078 [arXiv:1203.3194] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. [53]
    R.S. Ward, Planar Skyrmions at high and low density, Nonlinearity 17 (2004) 1033 [hep-th/0307036] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefMATHMathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  54. [54]
    J.M. Speight, Near BPS Skyrmions and Restricted Harmonic Maps, arXiv:1406.0739 [INSPIRE].
  55. [55]
    O. Schwindt and N.R. Walet, Soliton systems at finite temperatures and finite densities, hep-ph/0201203 [INSPIRE].
  56. [56]
    S.L. Soundhi, A. Karlhede, S.A. Kivelson and E.H. Rezayi, Skyrmions and the crossover from the integer to fractional quantum Hall effect at small Zeeman energies, Phys. Rev. B 47 (1993) 16419 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  57. [57]
    O. Schwindt and N.R. Walet, Towards a phase diagram of the 2-D Skyrme model, Europhys. Lett. 55 (2001) 633 [hep-ph/0104229] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  58. [58]
    S.L. Sondhi, A. Karlhede, S.A. Kivelson and E.H. Rezayi, Skyrmions and the crossover from the integer to fractional quantum Hall effect at small Zeeman energies, Phys. Rev. B 47 (1993) 16419 [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  59. [59]
    X.Z. Yu et al., Real-space observation of a two-dimensional skyrmion crystal, Nature 465 (2010) 901.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  60. [60]
    M. Ezawa, Giant Skyrmions Stabilized by Dipole-Dipole Interactions in Thin Ferromagnetic Films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 (2010) 197202 [arXiv:1007.4048] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  61. [61]
    M. Ezawa, Compact Skyrmions, Merons and Bimerons in Thin Chiral Magnetic Films, Phys. Rev. B 83 (2011) 100408 [arXiv:1010.4119] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  62. [62]
    G.S. Bali, F. Bruckmann, G. Endrödi, S.D. Katz and A. Schäfer, The QCD equation of state in background magnetic fields, JHEP 08 (2014) 177 [arXiv:1406.0269] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  63. [63]
    G.S. Bali, F. Bruckmann, G. Endrödi and A. Schäfer, Paramagnetic squeezing of QCD matter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014) 042301 [arXiv:1311.2559] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  64. [64]
    C. Bonati, M. D’Elia, M. Mariti, F. Negro and F. Sanfilippo, Magnetic Susceptibility of Strongly Interacting Matter across the Deconfinement Transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 182001 [arXiv:1307.8063] [INSPIRE].ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  65. [65]
    C. Bonati, M. D’Elia, M. Mariti, F. Negro and F. Sanfilippo, Magnetic susceptibility and equation of state of N f = 2 + 1 QCD with physical quark masses, Phys. Rev. D 89 (2014) 054506 [arXiv:1310.8656] [INSPIRE].ADSGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2014

Authors and Affiliations

  • C. Adam
    • 1
  • T. Romanczukiewicz
    • 2
  • J. Sanchez-Guillen
    • 1
  • A. Wereszczynski
    • 2
  1. 1.Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela and Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxias (IGFAE)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
  2. 2.Institute of PhysicsJagiellonian UniversityKrakówPoland

Personalised recommendations