The clinical use of macro and surface electromyography in diagnosis and follow-up of endocrine and drug-induced myopathies

Horak HA, Pourmand R. Endocrine myopathies. Neurol Clin 2000, 18: 203–13.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greenberg DA, Aminoff MJ, Simon RP. Clinical Neurology. 5th ed. Columbus, OH, USA: McGraw-Hill 2002.Google Scholar

Fuglsang-Frederiksen A. The role of different EMG methods in evaluating myopathy. Clin Neurophysiol 2006, 117: 1173–89.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Merletti R, Parker PA. Electromyography. Physiology, engineering, and non-invasive applications. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley-IEEE Press 2004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jabre JF. Concentric macro electromyography. Muscle Nerve 1991, 14: 820–5.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roeleveld K, Stegeman DF. What do we learn from motor unit action potentials in surface electromyography? Muscle Nerve 2002, Suppl 11: S92-7.Google Scholar

Kanda F, Okuda S, Matsushita T, Takatani K, Kimura KI, Chihara K. Steroid myopathy: pathogenesis and effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I administration. Horm Res 2001, 56 (Suppl 1): 24–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mitsui T, Umaki Y, Nagasawa M, et al. Motor neuron involvement in a patient with long-term corticosteroid administration. Intern Med 2003, 42: 862–6.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

McNab TL, Khandwala HM. Acromegaly as an endocrine form of myopathy: case report and review of literature. Endocr Pract 2005, 11: 18–22.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cuneo RC, Salomon F, Wiles CM, Hesp R, Sonksen PH. Growth hormone treatment in growth hormone-deficient adults. I. Effects on muscle mass and strength. J Appl Physiol 1991, 70: 688–94.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Ono S, Inouye K, Mannen T. Myopathology of hypothyroid myopathy. Some new observations. J Neurol Sci 1987, 77: 237–48.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Korényi-Both A, Korényi-Both I, Kayes BC. Thyrotoxic myopathy. Pathomorphological observations of human material and experimentally induced thyrotoxicosis in rats. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1981, 53: 237–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Singh R, Artaza JN, Taylor WE, Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Bhasin S. Androgens stimulate myogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogenesis in C3H 10T1/2 pluripotent cells through an androgen receptor-mediated pathway. Endocrinology 2003, 144: 5081–8.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Herbst KL, Bhasin S. Testosterone action on skeletal muscle. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004, 7: 271–7.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mauras N, Hayes V, Welch S, et al. Testosterone deficiency in young men: marked alterations in whole body protein kinetics, strength, and adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83: 1886–92.PubMedGoogle Scholar

Thompson PD, Clarkson P, Karas RH. Statin-associated myopathy. JAMA 2003, 289: 1681–90.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell WW. Statin myopathy: the iceberg or its tip? Muscle Nerve 2006, 34: 387–90.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Merletti R, Farina D, Gazzoni M, Schieroni MP. Effect of age on muscle functions investigated with surface electromyography. Muscle Nerve 2002, 25: 65–76.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Falla D, Rainoldi A, Merletti R, Jull G. Myoelectric manifestations of sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscle fatigue in chronic neck pain patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2003, 114: 488–95.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Casale R, Farina D, Merletti R, Rainoldi A. Myoelectric manifestations of fatigue during exposure to hypobaric hypoxia for 12 days. Muscle Nerve 2004, 30: 618–25.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar