Results in Mathematics

, Volume 21, Issue 1–2, pp 200–210 | Cite as

On the Existence of Pulses in Reaction- Diffusion- Equations

  • Klaus R. Schneider
Article
  • 6 Downloads

Abstract

We apply the theory of invariant manifolds for singularly perturbed ordinary differential equations and results about the persistence of homoclinic orbits in autonomous differential systems with several parameters in order to establish the existence of pulses in reaction-diffusion systems. Essential assumptions for the existence of pulses are the following: (i) Existence of a homoclinic orbit to a hyperbolic equilibrium in the corresponding reaction system. (ii) The quotient of some measure for the diffusivities and the square of the puls speed is sufficiently small. (iii) Validity of some transversality condition. The last assumption requires the occurence of parameters in the reaction term.

1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision)

35K57 34C45 34D15 

Keywords and phrases

Reaction-diffusion-system travelling waves pulses invariant manifolds homoclinic orbits singularly perturbed differential equations 

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    N.F. Britton, Reaction-Diffusion Equations and Their Applications to Biology, Academic Press, 1986.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    G.A. Carpenter, A geometrical approach to singular perturbation problems with applications to nerve impuls equations, J. Diff. Rqus. 23 (1977), 335–367.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    R. Carsten, H. Cohen and P. Lagerstrom, Perturbation Analysis of an approximation to Hodgkin-Huxley theory, Quart. Appl. Math. 32 (1975), 365–402.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    R. Churchill, Isolated invariant sets in compact metric spaces, J. Diff. Equs. 12 (1972), 330–352.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    C. Conley, On travelling wave solutions of nonlinear diffusion equations, Lect. Notes Phys. 38 (1975), 498–510.MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    C. Conley and J. Smoller, Topological techniques in reaction-diffusion equations, Lect. Notes in Biomath. 38 (1980), 473–483.MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    C. Conley, Isolated invariant sets and the Morse index, Reg. Conf. Ser. Math. 38, AMS, Providence 1978.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    J. Cronin, Mathematical aspects of Hodgkin-Huxley neural theory, Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    R. Easton, Isolating blocks and symbolic dynamics, J. Diff. Equs. 17 (1975), 96–118.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    P.C. Fife, Mathematical Aspects of Reacting and Diffusing Systems, Lecture Notes in Biomath. 28, 1979.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    R. FitzHugh, Impulses and physiological states in theoretical models of nerve membrane, Biophys. J. 1 (1961), 445–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    J. Gruendler, Homoclinicsolutionsforautonomousdynamicalsystemsinarbitrarydimension. To appear in SIAM J. Math. Anal.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    J. Gruendler, The existence of homoclinic orbits and the method of Melnikov for systems in Rn, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 16 (1985), 907–931.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    J. Guckenheimer and Ph. Holmes, Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems, and Bifurcations of Vector Fields, Springer-Verlag New York 1983.MATHGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    P. Hastings, On the existence of homoclinic and periodic orbits for the FitzHugh-Nagumo-equations, Quart. J. Math. Oxford Ser. 2, 27 (1978), 123–134.MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    P. Hastings, On travelling wave solutions of the Hodgkin-Huxlcy equations, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 60 (1976), 229–257.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    A.L. Hodgkin and A.F. Huxley, A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve, J. Physiol. 117 (1952), 500–544.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    H. Ikeda, M. Mimura and T. Tsujikawa, Slow travelling wave solutions to the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, Lect. Notes Numer. Appl. Analysis 9 (1987), 1–73.MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  19. 19.
    H.W. Knobloch and F. Kappel,. Gewöhnliche Diferentialgleichungen, Teubner-Verlag, Stuttgart 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    H.W. Knobloch and B. Aulbach, Singular perturbations and integral manifolds, J. Math. Phys. Sci. 18 (1984), 414–424.MathSciNetGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    R.N. Miller and J. Rinzel, The dependence of impulse propagation speed on firing frequency, dispersion, for the Hodgkin-Huxley model, Biophys. J. 34 (1981), 227–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 22.
    J. Nagumo, S. Arimoto and S. Yoshizawa, An active pulse transmission line simulating nerve atxon, Proc. IRE 50 (1964), 2061–2070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    K. Nipp, Invariant manifolds of singularly perturbed ordinary differential equations. J. Appl. Math. Phys. 36 (1985), 309–320.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 24.
    K. Nipp, An algorithmic approach for solving singularly perturbed initial value problems, Dynamics Reported 1 (1988), 173–263.MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    D. Noble, A modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley etquations applicable to Purkinje fibre action and pacemaker potentials, J. Physiol. 160 (1962), 317–352.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    D. Noble, Application of Htodgkin-Huxley equations to excitable tissues, Physiol. Reviews 46 (1966), 1–50.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    K.J. Palmer, Exponential dichotomies and transversal homoclinic points, J. Diff. Equs. 55 (1984), 225–256.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    R. Purfürst, Existenz einer invarianten Mannigfaltigkeit für eine Klasse von Abbildungen mit einem kleinen Parameter, Math. Nachr. 98 (1980), 251–256.MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    M.I. Rabinovich and D.I. Trubetskov, Oscillations and Waves, Mathematics and Its Applications (Soviet Series), vol. 50, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht 1989.Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    J. Rinzel and J. Keller, Traveling wave solutions of a nerve conduction equation, Biophys. J. 13 (1973), 1313–1337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. 31.
    K.R. Schneider, Hopf bifurcations and center manifolds, Coll. Math. Soc. J. Bolyai 30 (1979), 953–970.Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    K.R. Schneider, Singularly perturbed autonomous differential systems, In: Dynamical Systems and Environmental Models (Ed. H.G. Bothe et al.), 32–39, Academie-Verlag Berlin, 1987.Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    K.R. Schneider, Existence of wave trains in reaction-diffusion systems, Mathematical Research 23 (1985), 182–190.Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    J. Smoller, Shock Waves and Reaction-Diffusion Equations, Springer Verlag, New York 1983.MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. 35.
    A. Vanderbauwhede, Centre manifolds, normal forms and elementary bifurcations, Dynamics Reported 2 (1989), 89–169.MathSciNetCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 1992

Authors and Affiliations

  • Klaus R. Schneider
    • 1
  1. 1.Institut für Angewandte Analysis und StochastikBerlin

Personalised recommendations