Stem deformity inPinus radiata plantations in south-eastern Australia:
- 26 Downloads
- 8 Citations
Abstract
Visual symptoms of stem deformity similar to those of Cu deficiency are common inP. radiata established on fertile sites previously used for agricultural production in south-eastern Australia. In this study, Cu fertiliser was applied at rates of 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 kg ha−1 to deformedP. radiata at ages 3 and 6 years. Available soil Cu and contents of Cu in the foliage increased significantly only in the younger plantation. Cu fertiliser did not affect growth nor did it improve stem form. Levels of N, Cu and Cu/N ratios in foliage of straight and deformed trees were similar. However, contents of Cu in apical buds were significantly lower in deformed trees. It was concluded that stem deformity inP. radiata as observed on these fertile pasture sites, cannot be corrected by application of Cu fertiliser. Differences in Cu levels in apical buds of straight and deformed trees suggest that Cu may still be involved in this syndrome. There was also no indication of other nutrient deficiencies that could be associated with the deformity.
Key words
copper deficiency symptoms foliage nutrients Pinus radiata stem deformityPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Burg J van den 1993 Copper uptake by some forest tree species from an acid sandy soil. Plant and Soil 75, 213–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bussler W 1981 Physiological functions and utilisation of copper.In Copper in Soils and Plants. Eds. J F Loneragan, A D Robson and R D Graham. pp 213–234. Academic Press, Sydney, Australia.Google Scholar
- Carlyle J C, Turvey N D, Hopmans P and Downes G M 1989 Stem deformation inPinus radiata associated with previous land use. Can. J. For. Res. 19, 96–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Downes G M and Turvey N D 1986 Reduced lignification inPinus radiata D. Don. Aust. For. Res. 16, 371–377.Google Scholar
- Eastin E F 1978 Use of an autoanalyser for total nitrogen determination in plants. Commun. Soil Sci. Pl. Anal. 9, 107–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- John M K 1970 Colorimetric determination of phosphorus in soil and plant materials with ascorbic acid. Soil Sci. 109, 214–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lambert M J and Turner J 1988 Interpretation of nutrient concentrations inPinus radiata foliage at Belanglo state forest. Plant and Soil 108, 237–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Northcote K H, Hubble G D, Isbell R F, Thompson C H and Bettenay E 1975 A Description of Australian Soils. CSIRO Division of Soils, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 170 p.Google Scholar
- Oldenkamp L and Smilde K W 1966 Copper deficiency in Douglas fir. Ned. Bosb. Tijdschr. 38, 203–214.Google Scholar
- Pederick L A, Hopmans P, Flinn D W and Abbott I D 1984 Variation in genotypic response to suspected copper deficiency inPinus radiata. Aust. For. Res. 14, 75–84.Google Scholar
- Raupach M 1975 Trace element disorders in Pinus and their correction.In Trace Elements in Soil-Plant-Animal Systems. Eds. D J D Nicholas and A R Egan. pp 353–369. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
- Raupach M and Clarke A R P 1978 Soil-tree relationships in a forest ofPinus radiata with micronutrient deficiencies. Aust. J. Soil Res. 16, 121–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ruiter J H 1969 Suspected copper deficiency in radiata pine. Plant and Soil 31, 197–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Turvey N D 1984 Copper deficiency inPinus radiata planted in a podzol in Victoria, Australia. Plant and Soil 77, 73–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Will G M 1971 Copper deficiency in radiata pine planted on sands at Mangawhai forest. N.Z.J. For. Sci. 2, 217–221.Google Scholar
- Will G M 1985 Nutrient Deficiencies and Fertiliser Use in New Zealand Exotic Forests. FRI Bulletin No 97, New Zealand Forest Service, Rotorua, New Zealand, 53 p.Google Scholar
- Williams J G and McLaren R G 1982 Effects of dry and moist incubation of soils on the extractability of native and applied soil copper. Plant and Soil 64, 215–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar