KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering

, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp 165–174 | Cite as

Development of fragility curves for bridges in Korea

  • Seongkwan Mark Lee
  • Tschangho John Kim
  • Seung Lim Kang
Transporation Engineering
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to develop fragility curves for bridges in Korea. Fragility curves are needed for assessing the vulnerability of bridges to unscheduled events and for setting retrofit and/or repair priorities. Research results show that individual bridges suffer different levels of damage, depending not only on the magnitude of earthquake and distance from the epicenter, but also on the structural characteristics of the bridge and the soil type on which it is built. For the construction of bridge fragility curves for Korea, we used data from 1008 expressway bridges and a statistical regression method. The relationships between peak ground accelerations and vulnerabilities were modeled with logistic curve equations using the bridge classification and models by Hwang, Jernigan and Lin. The primary contribution of this research is that this study is the first of its kind that develops fragility curves for bridges in Korea, which can now be used for various applications that analyze the socio-economic impacts of network vulnerability caused by natural and man-made disasters. Finding a logical and rational basis for transforming the structural disruption ratio of a bridge directly to its functional disruption ratio is left for a future study.

Keywords

earthquakes fragility curve bridges vulnerability estimation 

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. AASHTO (1996). “Standard specifications for highway bridges.” AASHTO HB-16, American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials.Google Scholar
  2. Applied Technology Council (1985). “Earthquake damage evaluation data for california.” Report ATC-13, Palo Alto, California.Google Scholar
  3. Applied Technology Council (1996). “Improved seismic design criteria for California bridges: Provisional recommendations.” Report ATC-32, Redwood City, California.Google Scholar
  4. Basoz, N.I., Kiremidjian, A.S., King, S.A., and Law, K.H. (1999). “Statistical analysis of bridge damage data from the 1994 northridge, CA, earthquake.”Earthquake Spectra, EERI, Vol. 15, No. 1, February 1999, pp. 25–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Choi E (2002). “Seismic analysis and retrofit of mid-america bridges.” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar
  6. Choi, E., Desroches, R., and Nielson, B. (2003). “Seismic fragility of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones.” Final draft. presented in World Congress for Transportation Research.Google Scholar
  7. Dutta, A. and Mander, J.B. (2000), “Seismic vulnerability analysis of highway bridges.” Unpublished MCEER Technical Report.Google Scholar
  8. Gasparini, D.A. and Vanmarcke, E.H. (1976). “Evaluation of seismic safety of buildings—simulated earthquake motions compatible with prescribed response spectra.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Report No. 2.Google Scholar
  9. HAZUS (1997). “Earthquake loss estimation methodology.” Technical Manual, National Institute of Building for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  10. Hwang H. and Hou J.R. (1996). “Simulation of earthquake acceleration time histories.”Technical Report, Center for Earthquake Research and Information, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.Google Scholar
  11. Hwang H., Jernigan, J.B., and Lin Y. (1998). Evaluation of Seismic Damage to Brides and Highway Systems in Shelby County, Tennessee,Technical Report, Center for Earthquake Research and Information, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.Google Scholar
  12. Hwang, H., Jernigan J.B., and Lin Y. (2000). “Evaluation of seismic damage to memphis brides and highway systems.”Journal of Bridge Engineering, November, pp. 322–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Hwang, H, Chiu, Y.H., and Liu, J.B. (2001) “Seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete bridges.” Paper submitted to the 8th International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability, Newport Beach, CA.Google Scholar
  14. Jernigan, J.B. (1998). Evaluation of Seismic Damage to Brides and Highway Systems in Shelby County, Tennessee,Dissertation presented for the Ph.D., The University of Memphis, Memphis.Google Scholar
  15. Jernigan, J.B. and Hwang, H. (2002). Development of Bridge Fragility Curves, Final Draft for Seventh U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering (7th NCEE).Google Scholar
  16. Karim K.R. and Yamazaki F (2001). “Effect of earthquake ground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piers based on numerical simulation.”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol 30, pp. 1839–1856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Karim K.R. and Yamazaki F. (2003). “A simplified method of constructing fragility curves for highway bridges.”Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, Vol. 32, pp. 1603–1626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Kim S. and Feng M.Q. (2003). “Fragility analysis of bridges under ground motion with spatial variation.”International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Vol. 38, pp. 705–721.MATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. Kim S. and Shinozuka M. (2004). “Development of fragility curves of bridges retrofitted by column jacketing.”Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 19, pp. 105–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Lee, J. (2005). Developing Spatio-Temporal Models for Retrofit and Reconstruction Strategy under Unscheduled Events,Dissertation presented for the Ph.D., The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois.Google Scholar
  21. Lee, S., Kim, S., and Mha, H. (2003), “Seismic damage risk and failure cost based methodology for retrofit prioritization of bridges.”Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 23, No. 3A, pp. 559–569.Google Scholar
  22. Lee, S.M., Lee, J., and Kim, T.J. (2006). “Socio-economic impacts of an unscheduled event: A case in Korea.” the 53rd Annual North American Meetings of the Regional Science Association International, Toronto, Canada.Google Scholar
  23. MOCT (2002). “An investigation into present bridge conditions.” Ministry of Construction and Transportation, Seoul.Google Scholar
  24. NBIS/FHWA recording and coding system (1996). FHWA. National Earthquake Information System (NEIS), Korea Meteorological Administration http://kmaneis.go.kr/, accessed December 10, 2006.Google Scholar
  25. Nielson, B. (2003). “Bridge seismic fragility-functionality relationships: a requirement for loss estimation in mid-america.” School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GAGoogle Scholar
  26. Park, Y.J. and Ang A.H.-S. (1985). “Seismic damage analysis of reinforced concrete buildings.”Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE. 111(4), pp. 740–757.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. Saxena, V., Deodatis, G., Shinozuka, M., and Feng, M.Q. (2000). “Development of fragility curves for multi-span reinforced concrete bridges.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Monte Carlo Simulation, Principality of Monaco, Balkema Publishers.Google Scholar
  28. Shinozuka, M., Feng, M.Q., Lee J., and Nagamura, T (2000a). “Statistical analysis of fragility curves.”Journal of Engineering Mechanics.December; pp. 1224–1231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Shinozuka, M., Feng, M.Q., Kim H., and Kim, S. (2000b). “Nonlinear static procedure for fragility curve development.”Journal of Engineering Mechanics, December, pp. 1287–1295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. Shinozuka, M., Deodatis, G., and Saxena, V. (2000c). “Effect of spatial variation of ground motion on bridge response.” Technical Report NCEER-00-0013.Google Scholar
  31. Shon, J., Kim T.J., Hewings, G.J.D., Lee, J.S., and Jang, S.G. (2003). “Retrofit priority of transport network links under an earthquake.”J. Urban Planning & Development, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 195–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© KSCE and Springer jointly 2007

Authors and Affiliations

  • Seongkwan Mark Lee
    • 1
  • Tschangho John Kim
    • 1
  • Seung Lim Kang
    • 1
  1. 1.University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana-ChampaignUSA

Personalised recommendations