International Journal of Primatology

, Volume 7, Issue 1, pp 49–81 | Cite as

Development and mother-infant relations among captive patas monkeys

  • Janice Chism
Article
Received:
Revised:

Abstract

Generalizations about the rate of behavioral development and mother-infant relations in nonhuman primates are often based largely on observations of a few closely related species of macaques. Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)are sufficiently distant phylogenetically and distinct in their social and ecological adaptations from the well-studied macaque species that observations of their patterns of infant development and mother-infant relations may indicate to what extent macaque patterns are typical of Old World monkey species. Eight patas infants living with their mothers in an established captive group were observed for 960 hr over the first year of life. These infants showed a rapid rate of behavioral development and attainment of independence from mothers. Patas also have one of the fastest rates of sexual maturation of any Old World monkey species. This pattern of rapid social and sexual development can be viewed as a response to a highly seasonal savannah environment in which there is a premium on ability to achieve nutritional, locomotor, and social self-sufficiency as quickly as possible and to reproduce as early and as often as developmental constraints will permit. Patterns of infant development and mother-infant relations may be best understood as an integral part of a species’ overall life history pattern.

Key words

patas monkeys behavioral development maternal behavior allomaternal behavior weaning 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: Sampling methods.Behaviour 49: 227–267.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Altmann, J. (1980).Baboon Mothers and Infants, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
  3. Chalmers, N. R. (1972). Comparative aspects of early infant development in some captive cercopithecines. In Poirier, F. (ed.),Primate Socialization, Random House, New York, pp. 63–82.Google Scholar
  4. Chism, J. (1978). Relationship between group members other than the mother and captive patas infants. In Chivers, D., and Herbert, J. (eds.),Recent Advances in Primatology, Vol. I, Academic Press, New York, pp. 173–176.Google Scholar
  5. Chism, J. (1980).A Comparison of Development and Mother-Infant Relations in Patas and Talapoin Monkeys, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
  6. Chism, J., Rowell, T., and Richards, S. (1978). Daytime births in captive patas monkeys.Primates 19: 765–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Chism, J., Olson, D., and Rowell, T. (1983). Diurnal births and perinatal behavior among wild patas monkeys: Evidence of an adaptive pattern.Int. J. Primatol. 4: 167–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Chism, J., Rowell, T., and Olson, D. (1984). Life history patterns of female patas monkeys. In Small, M. (ed.),Female Primates: Studies by Women Primatologists, Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 175–190.Google Scholar
  9. Dolhinow, P. (1980). An experimental study of mother loss in the Indian langur monkey (Presbytis embellus).Primates 33: 77–128.Google Scholar
  10. Drickamer, L. (1974). A ten year summary of reproductive data for free-rangingMacaca mulatto.Folia primatol. 21: 61–80.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Gartlan, J. (1969). Sexual and maternal behavior of the vervet monkey,Cercopithecus aethiops.J. Reprod. Fert. Suppl. 6: 137–150.Google Scholar
  12. Gartlan, J., and Gartlan, S. (1973). Quelques observations sur les groups exclusivement males chezErythrocebus patas.Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun 12: 121–144.Google Scholar
  13. Gautier-Hion, A. (1971). Repertoire comportmental du Talapoin (Miopithecus talapoin).Biol. Gabon. 7: 295–391.Google Scholar
  14. Hall, K. (1965). Behaviour and ecology of the wild patas monkey,Erythrocebus patas, in Uganda.J. Zool. (London) 148: 15–87.Google Scholar
  15. Hall, K., and Mayer, B. (1967). Social interactions in a group of captive patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).Folia primatol. 5: 213–236.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Hamilton, W., III, Busse, C., and Smith, K. (1982). Adoption of infant orphan chacma baboons.Anim. Behav. 30: 29–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Hansen, E. (1966). The development of maternal and infant behaviour in the rhesus monkey.Behaviour 27: 107–149.PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Harlow, H. (1961). The development of affectional patterns in infant monkeys. In Foss, B. (ed.),Determinants of Infant Behavior I, Methuen, London, pp. 75–97.Google Scholar
  19. Harlow, H., Harlow, M., and Hansen, E. (1967). The maternal affectional system of rhesus monkeys. In Rheingold, H. (ed.),Maternal Behavior in Mammals, Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 254–281.Google Scholar
  20. Hill, C. (1972). Infant sharing in the family Colobidae emphasizingPygathrix.Primates 13: 195–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Hinde, R. (1969). Analysing the roles of the partners in a behavioral interaction — mother-infant relations in rhesus macaques.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 159: 651–667.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Hinde, R. (1971). Some problems in the development of social behavior. In Tobach, E., Aronson, L., and Shaw, E. (eds.),The Biopsychology of Development, Academic Press, New York, pp. 411–432.Google Scholar
  23. Hinde, R. (1973). On the design of checksheets.Primates 14: 393–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Hinde, R. (1974). Mother-infant relations in rhesus monkeys. In White, N. (ed.),Ethology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 29–46.Google Scholar
  25. Hinde, R., and Spence-Booth, Y. (1967). The behavior of socially living rhesus monkeys in their first two and a half years.Anim. Behav. 15: 169–196.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Hinde, R., Rowell, T., and Spencer-Booth, Y. (1964). Behaviour of socially living rhesus monkeys in their first six months.Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 143: 609–649.Google Scholar
  27. Hooley, J., and Simpson, M. (1981). A comparison of primiparous and multiparous motherinfant dyads inMacaco mulatto.Primates 22: 379–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Horwich, R., and Mansky, D. (1975). Maternal care and infant transfer in two species ofColobus monkey.Primates 16: 49–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Hrdy, S. (1976). Care and exploitation of non-human primate infants by conspecifics other than the mother. In Rosenblatt, J. S., Hinde, R. A., Shaw, E., and Beer, C. (eds.).Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 6, Academic Press, New York, pp. 101–158.Google Scholar
  30. Jay, P. (1962). Aspects of maternal behavior among langurs.Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 102: 468–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Jay, P. (1965). The common langur of North India. In DeVore, I. (ed.),Primate Behavior, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, pp. 197–249.Google Scholar
  32. Jensen, C., Bobbitt, R., and Gordon, B. (1967). The development of mutual independence in mother-infant pigtailed monkeys,Macaca nemestrina. In Altmann, S. (ed.),Social Communication among Primates, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 43–53.Google Scholar
  33. Kaufman, I. (1974). Mother-infant relations in monkeys and humans: A reply to Professor Hinde. In White, N. (ed.),Ethology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 47–68.Google Scholar
  34. Kaufman, I. (1975). Learning what comes naturally: The role of life experience in the establishment of species typical behavior.Ethos 3: 129–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  35. Kaufman, I., and Rosenblum, L. (1969). The waning of the mother-infant bond in two species of macaque. In Foss, B. (ed.),Determinants of Infant Behaviour IV, Methuen, London, pp. 41–59.Google Scholar
  36. Krige, P., and Lucas, J. (1974). Aunting behaviour in an urban troop ofCercopithecus aethiops.J. Behav. Sci. 2: 55–61.Google Scholar
  37. Lancaster, J. (1971). Play-mothering: The relations between juvenile females and young infants among free-ranging vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).Folia primatol. 15: 161–182.Google Scholar
  38. Loy, J., and Loy, K. (1977). Sexual harassment among captive patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas).Primates 18: 691–699.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. McKenna, J. (1979). The evolution of allomothering behavior among colobine monkeys: Function and opportunism in evolution.Am. Anthrop. 81: 4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. Nash, L. (1978). The development of the mother-infant relationships in wild baboons (Papio anubis).Anim. Behav. 26: 746–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. Poirier, F. (1968). The Nilgiri langur (Presbytis johnii) mother-infant dyad.Primates 9: 45–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  42. Quiatt, D. (1979). Aunts and mothers: Adaptive implications of allomaternal behavior of nonhuman primates.Am. Anthrop. 81: 311–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  43. Ransom, T., and Rowell, T. (1972). Early social development of feral baboons. In Poirier, F. (ed.),Primate Socialization, Random House, New York, pp. 105–144.Google Scholar
  44. Rosenblum, L. (1973). Maternai regulation of infant behavior. In Carpenter, C. (ed.),Behavioral Regulators of Behavior in Primates, Bucknell University Press, Lewisburg, Pa., pp. 195–217.Google Scholar
  45. Rosenblum, L., and Harlow, H. (1963). The effect of maternal punishment on infant contact behavior.Psychol. Rep. 12: 83–85.Google Scholar
  46. Rosenblum, L., and Kaufman, I. (1976). Laboratory observations of early mother-infant relations in pigtail and bonnet macaques. In Altmann, S. (ed.),Social Communication among Primates, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 33–42.Google Scholar
  47. Rowell, T., and Chism, J. (1986). The ontogeny of sex differences in the behavior of patas monkeys.Int. J. Primatol. 7: 83–107.Google Scholar
  48. Rowell, T., Din, N., and Omar, A. (1968). The social development of baboons in their first three months.J. Zool. (London) 155: 461–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  49. Rowell, T., and Hartwell, K. (1978). The interaction of behavior and reproductive cycles in patas monkeys.Behav. Biol. 24: 141–167.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  50. Seay, B. (1966). Maternal behavior in primiparous and multiparous rhesus monkeys.Folia primatol. 4: 146–168.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  51. Seay, W., Schlottmann, R., and Thorne, B. (1970). Maternal and filial behavior in monkeys.Dev. Psychol. 3: 66–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  52. Struhsaker, T. (1971). Social behavior of mother and infant vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops).Anim. Behav. 19: 233–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  53. Sugiyama, Y. (1965). Behavioral development and social structure in two troops of Hanuman langurs (Presbytis entellus).Primates 6: 213–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  54. Trivers, R. (1971). The evolution of reciprocal altruism.Q. Rev. Biol. 46: 35–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  55. Trivers, R. (1974). Parent-offspring conflict.Am. Zool. 14: 249–264.Google Scholar
  56. Whitten, P. (1982).Female Reproductive Strategies Among Verver Monkeys, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.Google Scholar
  57. Zucker, E. and Kaplan, J. (1981). Allomaternal behavior in a group of free-ranging patas monkeys.Am. J. Primatol. 1: 57–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Publishing Corporation 1986

Authors and Affiliations

  • Janice Chism
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of AnthropologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley

Personalised recommendations