Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Triassic in Iran

  • Published:
Facies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Except of the Nakhlak and Aghdarband regions, Lower and Middle Triassic strata in Iran consist almost exclusively of carbonate rocks built on vast platforms along the shelves of the Paleo- and Neotethys. The depositional environments varied from shallow shelf sea to lagoonal and near-shore tidal flats, becoming even evaporitic towards the coastal regions of the Persian Gulf. During the early Late Triassic the formerly dominating platform carbonates were strongly reduced, being restricted for the rest of the Early Mesozoic to Southwest Iran which remained on the northern passive margin of Gondwana (later Arabian Plate). On the Iran Plate otherwise, as a result of the closure of the Paleotethys and the continent-continent collision with the southern active margin of Eurasia (Turan Plate), there was a change to thick siliciclastic and molassic sediments with only minor carbonate content durig the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic.

Geographically restricted and completely different sequences of thick volcanoclastic and basinal Triassic sediments are known from Nakhlak in Central and from Aghdarband in Northeast Iran, both interpreted as remanents of the northern Paleotethys margin (Turan Plate).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Achilles, H., Kaiser, H. & Schweitzer, H.J. (1984): Die Rhaetojurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans: 7. Die Mikroflora der obertriadisch-jurassischen Ablagerungen des Alborz-Gebirges (Nord-Iran).—Palaeontographica Abt. B,194 (1–4), 14–95. Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghanabati, S. A. (1977): Étude géologique de la région de Kalmard (W Tabas).—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,35, 1–230, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghanabati, S. A. (1998): Jurassic Stratigraphy of Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran, 746p., Tehran[in Persian].

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghanabati, S. A. & Hamedi, A. R. (1994): Geological Quadrangle Map of Semnan, 1∶250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alavi, M. (1996): Tectonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz Mountain System in Northern Iran.— Journal of Geodynamics,21 (1), 1–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alavi, M., Vaziri, H., Seyed-Emami, K. & Lassemi, Y. (1997): The Triassic and associated rocks of the Nakhlak and Aghdarband area in central and northeastern Iran as remnants of the southern Turanian active continental margin.—Geol. Soc. America Bulletin,109 (12), 1563–1575, Boulder, Colorado.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alavi-Naini, M. (1972): Étude géologique de la région de Djam.— Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,23, 1–288. Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alavi-Naini, M. & Bolourchi, M.H. (1973): Explanatory text of the Maku Quadrangle Map, 1∶250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. QuadrangleA1, 1–44, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Altiner, D., Baud, A., Guex, J. & Stampfli, G. (1980): La limite Permien—Trias dans quelques localites du Moyen-Orient: Recherches stratigraphiques et micropaléontologiques.—Riv. Ital. Paleont.85 (3–4), 683–714, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Annelles, R.N., Arthurton, R.S., Bazely, R.A. & Davies, R.G. (1975): Explanatory text of the Qazvin and Rasht Quadrangle Map.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. Quadrangle,E3–E4, 1–94, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assereto, R. (1966): The Jurassic Shemshak Formation in Central Elburz (Iran).—Riv. Ital., Paleont. Strat.,72(4), 1133–1182, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Assereto, R., Barnard, P.D.W. & Fantini Sestini, N. (1968): Jurassic stratigraphy of the Central Elburz (Iran).—Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat.,74 (1), 3–21, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baghbani D. (1991): The Permian sequence in the Abadeh region, Central Iran.—International Congress on the Permian System of the World, Perm, Russia, 1991. Occasional Publ. ESRI, N. S.,9B, 7–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bando, J. (1979): Upper Permian and Lower Triassic Ammonoids from Abadeh, Central Iran.—Mem. Fac. Educ., Kagawa Univ.,29(2), 103–138, Kagawa.

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1981): Discovery of Lower Triassic Ammonites in the Abadeh Region of Central Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,49, 73–94, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bando, J. & Taraz H. (1981): Upper Triassic Cephalopods from Abadeh, Central Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,49, 105–116, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baud, A., Brönnimann, P. & Zaninetti, L. (1974): Sur la presence de Meandrospira pusila (Ho) (Foraminifère), dans le Trias inférieur du Kuh-e-Ali-Bashi, Julfa, NW Iran.—Pal. Z.,48, (3–4), 205–213, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baud, A., Brander, R. & Donofrio, D.A. (1991): The Sefid Kuh Limestone—A Late Lower Triassic Carbonate Ramp (Aghdarband, NE-Iran).—Abh. Geol. B.-A.,38, 111–124, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baud, A., Stampfli, G. & Steen, D. (1991): The Triassic Aghdarband Group: Volcanism and Geological Evolution.—Abh. Geol. B.-A.,38, 125–138, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berberian, M. (1983): The southern Caspian: A compressional depression floored by a trapped, modified oceanic crust.— Can. J. Earth Sci.,20, 163–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berberian, F. & Berberian, M. (1981): Tectono-Plutonic Episodes in Iran.—Geodynamics Series, 3, 5–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berberian, M. & King, G.C.P. (1981): Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran.—Can. J. Earth Sci.,18, 210–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Besse, J., Torcq, F., Gallet, Y., Ricou, L. E., Krystyn, L. & Saidi, A. (1998): Late Permian to Late Triassic paleomagnetic data from Iran: constraints on the migration of the Iranian block through the Tethyan Ocean and initial destruction of Pangea.—Geophys. J. Int.,135, 77–92, Ras.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boresma, M. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A. (1991): Late Triassic Plant Megafossils from Aghdarband (NE Iran). —Abh. Geol. B.-A.,38, 223–252, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bragin, Y., Jahanbakhsh, F. Golubev, S. & Sadovnikov, G. (1976): Stratigraphy of the Triassic-Jurassic coal-bearing deposits of Alborz.—Nat. Iran. Steel Corp. v/o “Technoexport”, 1–51, Tehran [unpubl.].

    Google Scholar 

  • Brönnimann, P., Zaninetti, L., Bozorgna, F., Dashti, G.R. & Moshtaghian, A. (1971): Lithostratigraphy and Foraminifera of the Upper Triassic Naiband Formation, Iran.—Rev. Micropaleont.,14, 7–16, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brönnimann, P. & Zaninetti, L. (1972): On the occurrence of the serpulid Spirorbis Daudin, 1800 (Annelida, Polychaetia, Sedentarida) in thin sections of Triassic rocks of Europe and Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont.,78, 67–90, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brönnimann, P., Zaninetti, L. & Bozorgnia, F. (1972): Triassic (Scythian) smaller foraminifera from the Elika Formation of the central Alborz, northern Iran, and from the Siusi Formation of the Dolomites, northern Italy.—Mitt. Ges. Geol. Bergbaustud.21, 861–884, Innsbruck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brönnimann, P., Zaninetti, L., Bozorgnia, F. & Huber, H. (1972): Ammodiscids and ptychocladiids (Foraminiferida) from the Triassic Elika Formation, Nesen-Hassanakdar section, central Alborz, Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont.,78, 1–28, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brönnimann, P., Zaninetti, L., Moshtaghian, A. & Huber, H. (1973): Foraminifera from the Sorkh Shale Formation of the Tabas area, East-Central Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont.,79, 1–32, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brönnimann, P., Zaninetti, L., Moshtaghian, A. & Huber, H. (1974): Foraminifera and microfacies of the Triassic Espahk formation, Tabas area, east-central Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont. Strat.,80, 1–48, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cartier, E.T. (1971): Die Geologie des unteren Chalus Tals, Zentral Alborz/Iran.—Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH u. Univ. Zurich,N. F. 164, I-164, Zurich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, G. C., Davies, R. G., Hamzepour, B & Jones, C. R. (1975): Explanatory text of the Bander-e-Pahlavi Quadrangle Map.—Geol. Surv. Iran Quadrangle,B 3, 1–198, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corsin, P. & Stampfli, G. (1977): La formation de Shemshak dans l'Elburz oriental (Iran). Flore-Stratigraphie-Paléogeographie. —Geobios,10, 509–571, Lyon.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dabiri, O. (2001): Palynostratigraphy of the upper Triassic strata (basal part of the Shemshak Group) in northern Alborz.—Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Earthsciences Reseearch Center, Geological Survey of Iran, 161 p., Tehran (in Persian)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoudzadeh, M. & Schmidt, K. (1981) Contribution to the Paleogeography and Stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic of Iran.—N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh.,162(2), 137–163, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • — & — (1982): Zur Trias des Iran.—Geol. Rundschau,71, 1021–1039, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — & — (1984): A Review of the Mesozoic Paleogeography and Paleotectonic Evolution of Iran.—N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh.,168, 182–207, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoudzadeh, M. & Seyed-Emami, K. (1972): Stratigraphy of the Triassic Nakhlak Group, Anarak Region, Central Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,28, 1–28, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoudzadeh, M., Soffel, H. & Schmidt, K. (1981): On the rotation of the Central-East-Iran microplate.—N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh.,1981 (3), 180–192, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davoudzadeh, M. & Tatevossian, S. (1966): Geology of the Gardaneh Shir sedimentary area.—Geol. Surv. Iran, 1–16, Tehran (unpubl. Rep.).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dellenbach, J. (1964): Contribution a l'étude géologique de la région située à l'est de Teheran (Iran).—Thèse à la Fac. Sci. Univ. Strasbourg, 1–117, Strasbourg.

  • Dercourt, J., Ricou, L.E. & Vrielynck, B. (eds., 1993): Atlas Téthys Paleoenvironmental Maps.—Gauthier—Villars, 307 p., 14 maps, 1 Pl., Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, W. O. (1927): Die geologisch-stratigraphischen Ergebnisse der Routenaufnahme durch Ostpersien.—In: Hedin, S.: Bd. 2, Generalst. Lit. Anst., 447–465, Stockholm.

  • Douglas, J. A. (1929): A marine Triassic fauna from eastern Persia. Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London,85, 625–650, London.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fakhr, M.S. (1977): Contribution à l'étude de la flore rhétoliassique de la formation Shemshak de l'Elbours (Iran).—Bibl. Nat., Mém. Sect. Sciences,5, 1–178, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallahi, M., Gruber, B. & Tichy, G. (1983): Gastropoden und Bivalven aus dem oberen Teil der Nayband-Formation (Obertrias) von Baqirabad (Isfahan, Iran).—Schriftenr. Erdwiss. Kommission,5, 57–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fauvelet, E. & Eftekhar-Nezhad, J. (1992): Explanatory text of the Gonabad Quadrangle Map, 1:250,000.—Géol. Surv. Iran, Quadr. Map,K6, 1–166, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenninger, A. (1969): Ein Beitrag zur Flora und Fauna im Raume Golpaygan (Iran).—Verh. Geol. B.-A.,1969/1, 22–33, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furon, R. (1941): Geologie du plateau iranien (Perse-Afghanistan-Béloutchistan). —Mém. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur., n.s.,7/7, 177–414, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallet, Y., Krystyn, L., Besse, J., Saidi, A. & Ricou, L. E. (2000): New constraints on the Upper Permian and Lower Triassic geomagnetic polarity timescale from the Abadeh section (central Iran).—Journal of Geophysical Research,105 (B2), 2805–2815.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemi, H., Sabzehei, M., Juteau, F., Billon, H., Rastad, E. & Emami H. (2001): Petrogenesis of the Sikhoran Ultramafic-Mafic Complex, Southwest Iran.—Geosciences,60 (39–40), 46–68, Tehran [in Persian].

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaus, M. (1965): Die Geologie des Gebietes nördlich des Kandevan-Passes (Zentral-Elburz), Iran.—Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH Univ. Zürich, N. S.48, 1–165, Zurich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golebiowski, R. (1990): The Alpine Kossen Formation, a key for European topmost Triassic correlations.—Albertina,8, 25–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golshani, F., Partoazar, H. & Seyed-Emami, K. (1986): Permian-Triassic Boundary in Iran.—Mem. Soc. Geol. It.,34, 257–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, K. W. (1950): A tectonic window in south-western Iran.—Quat. J. Geol. Soc. London,105, 189–223, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadjian, J. (1970): Géologie de la région de Tafresh (NW de l'Iran Central).—Unpubl. Thesis Fac. Sci. Univ. Lyon, 1–195, Lyon.

  • Hallam, A. (1976): Geology and plate tectonics interpretation of the sediments of the Mesozoic radiolarite-ophiolite complex in the Neyriz region, southern Iran.—Geol. Soc. America Bulletin.,87, 47–52, Boulder.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hautmann, M. (2001): Taxonomy and phylogeny of cementing Triassic bivalves (families Prospondylidae, Plicatulidae, Dimyidae and Ostreidae).—Palaeontology,44(2), 339–373, London.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — (2001): Die Muschelfauna der Nayband-Formation (Obertrias, Nor-Rhät) des östlichen Zentraliran.—Beringeria,29, 1–181, Wurzburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, F. & Süssli, P. (1973): Lower Triassic Conodonts from the Lower Elikah Formation, Central Alborz Mountains (North Iran).—Eclogae Geol. Helv.,66, 525–531, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huckriede, R. M., Kursten, M. & Venzlaff, H. (1962): Zur Geologie des Gebietes zwischen Kerman und Sagand (Iran).—Beih. Geol. Jb.,51, 1–197, Hannover.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iranian-Japanese Research Group (IJRG) (1981): The Permian and the Lower Triassic Systems in Abadeh Region, Central Iran.—Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Geol. Mineral.,47, 60–132, Kyoto.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, G.A. & Wynd, J.G. (1965): Stratigraphic Nomenclature of Iranian Oil Consortium Agreement Area.—Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.,49, 2182–2245, Tulsa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kilpper, K. (1975): Palaobotanische Untersuchungen in Nord-Iran. 1. Nachweis nichtmariner Obertrias am Nordabfall des Alburs-Gebirges.—Rev. Paleobot. Palynol.,19, 139–153, Amsterdam.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kluyver, H.M., Tirrul, R., Chance, P.N., Johns, G.W. & Meixner, H.M. (1983,a): Explanatory text of the Naybandan Quadrangle Map 1:250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. QuadrangleJ8, 1–43, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kluyver, H.M., Griffis, R.J., Tirrul, R., Chance, P.N. & Meixner, H.M. (1983,b): Explanatory text of the Lakar Kuh Quadrangle Map 1:250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. QuadranleJ9, 1–175, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozur, H., Mostler, H. & Rahimi-Yazdi, A. (1975): Beiträge zur Mikrofauna permotriadischer Schichtfolgen, Teil II: Neue Conodonten aus dem Oberperm und der basalen Trias von Nord-und Zentraliran.—Geol. Paläont. Mitt. Innsbruck,5, 1–23, Innsbruck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristan-Tollmann, E., Tollmann, A. & Hamedani, A. (1979): Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trias von Persien. I. Revision der Triasgliederung, Rhätfazies im Raum von Isfahan und Kössener Fazieseinschlag bei Waliabad SE Abadeh.—Mitt. öster. geol. Ges.,70, 119–186, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kristan-Tollmann, E., Tollmann, A. & Hamedani, A. (1979): Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Trias von Persien. II. Zur Rhätfauna von Bagerabad bei Isfahan (Korallen, Ostracoden).—Mitt. öster. geol. Ges.,73, 163–235, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krumbeck, L. (1922): Stratigraphische Ergebnisse von Nieder-mayers Reise durch Persien.—Centralblatt für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie,1922(1), 19–23, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krystyn, L. Tatzreiter, F. (1991): Middle Triassic ammonoids from Aghdarband (NE Iran) and their paleobiogeographical significance.—Abh. Geol. B.-A.,38, 139–163, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto, R., Zheng, Z., Kakuwa, Y., Hamdi, B. & Kimura, H. (1995): Preliminary results of paleomagnetic study on the Cambrian to the Triassic rocks of the Alborz, Northeast Iran.—J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo,22, 233–249, Tokyo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Motiei, H. (1993): Stratigraphy of Zagros.—Treatise on the Geology of Iran, Geol. Surv. Iran, 1–536, Tehran (in Persian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabavi M.H. (1987): Geological Map of Semnan Sheet, 1:100,00.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabavi, M.H. & Seyed-Emami, K. (1977): Sinemurian ammonites from the Shemshak Formation of North Iran (Semnan Area, Alborz).—N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Abh.,153(1), 70–85, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakazawa, K., Bando, Y. & Golshani, F. (1981): Lower Triassic bivalves from the Elika valley, Central Alborz Range, Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,49, 133–153, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazer, N.H. (1992): Geological Quadrangle Map of Jajarm, 1:250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razawi Armagani, M.B. & Moinsadat, S.H. (1994): Coal of Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran, 286p., Tehran (in Persian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Repin, Yu. S. (1987): Stratigraphy and paleogeography of coal-bearing sediments of Iran.—Unpubl. Rep. of National Iranian Steel Company, 1–326 (in Persian).

  • Reyre, D. & Mohafez, S. (1972):A first contribution of the NIOC —ERAP agreement to the knowledge of Iranian Geology.—Editions Technip Paris, 1–58, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricou, L.E. (1976): Evolution structurale des Zagrids la region clef de Neyriz (Zagros Iranien).—Mem. Soc. Geol. France,125, 1–140, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruttner, A. (1984): The pre-Liassic basement of the eastern Kopet Dagh Range.—N. Jb. Paläont. Abh.,168(2–3), 256–268, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruttner, A. (1991): Geology of the Aghdarband Area (Kopet Dagh, NE-Iran).—Abh. Geol. B.-A. Wien,38, 7–79, Wien.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruttner, A. (1993): Southern borderland of Triassic Laurasia in north-east Iran.—Geol. Rundschau,82, 110–120, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruttner, A. (1998): The Triassic of Aghdarband.—Geosciences, Sci. Quant. J.,7 (27–28), 87–95, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabzehei, M. (1993): Geological Map of Zardu Sheet, 1:100,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadovnikov, G.N. (1976): Mesozoic Flora of Alborz and Central Iran and its stratigraphic importance.—Unpubl. Rep. Nat. Iranian Steel Company, 1–134, Tehran.

  • Shahrabi, M. (1999): Triassic in Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran, 279p., Tehran [in Persian].

    Google Scholar 

  • Saidi, A., Brunet, M.F. & Ricou, L.E. (1997): Continental accretion of the Iran Block to Eurasia as seen from Late Paleozoic to Early Cretaceous subsidence curves.—Geodinamica Acta,10(5), 189–208, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, H.-J. (1978): Die Rhäto-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans.—Palaeontographica Abt. B,168, 17–60, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, H.-J., Ashraf, A.R. & Weiss, M. (1987): Korrelation der Sporenzonen der Oberen Trias und Jura im Mittleren Orient und Süddetschland.—Geol. Rundschau.,76(3), 923–943, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, H.-J. & Kirchner, M. (1995): Die Rhäto-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans: 8. Ginkophyta.—Palaeontographica, Abt. B,237, 1–58, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, H.-J. & Kirchner, M. (1996): Die Rhäto-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans: 9. Coniferophyta.—Palaeontographica, Abt. B,238, 77–139, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, H.-J. & Kirchner, M. (1998): Die Rhäto-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans: 11. Pteridospermophyta und Cycadophyta I. Cycadales.—Palaeontographica, Abt. B,248, 1–85, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sengör, A. M. C. (1990): A new model for the late Paleozoic-Mesozoictectonic evolution of Iran and implications for Oman. —In: Robertson, A.H.F., Searle, M.P. & A.C. (eds). The geology and tectonics of the Oman region.—Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. No.49, 797–831, Oxford.

  • Sengör, A.M.C., Altiner, D., Cin, A., Ustaömer, T. & Hsu, K.J. (1988): Origin and assembly of the Tethysides orogenic collage at the expense of Gondwana Land.—Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London.,37, 119–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan, B. (1996): Upper Triassic Reefs and Reef Communities of Iran.—in: Reitner, J., Neuweiler, F. & Gunkel, F. (eds.): Global and Regional Controls on Biogenic Sedimentation. I. Reef Evolution.—Göttinger Arb. Geol. Paläont.Sb2, 299–304, Gottingen.

  • Senowbari-Daryan, B. & Hamedani, A. (1999,a): Thalamid sponges from the Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) Nayband Formation near Wali-Abad, SE Abadeh, Central Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont. Stratigr.,105(1), 79–100, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1999,b): Girvanellid-coated udoteacean oncoids from Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) Nayband Formation near the towns of Khaneh Khoreh and Wali-Abad, South of Abadeh (Central Iran).—Revue Paléobiol.,18(2), 597–606, Génève.

    Google Scholar 

  • — (2000): Obertriadisehe (Nor) Dasycladaceen aus der Nayband-Formation vom Zentraliran.—Revue Paléobiol.,19(1), 97–121, Génève.

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan, B., Seyed-Emami, K. & Aghanabati, A. (1997): Some inozoid sponges from Upper Triassic (Norian-Rhaetian) Nayband Formation of Central Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont., Stratigr.,103(3), 293–322, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setudehnia, A. (1978): The Mesozoic sequence in South-West Iran and adjacent areas.—J. Petroleum Geol.,1(1), 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seyed-Emami, K. (1967): Zur Ammoniten-Fauna und Stratigraphie der Badamu-Kalke bei Kerman, Iran.—Unpubl. Thesis Ludwig Maximilians Univ. Munich, 1–180, Munich.

  • — (1971, a): The Jurassic Badamu-Formation in the Kerman region, with some remarks on the Jurassic stratigraphy of Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran. Rep.,19, 5–79, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • — (1971, b): A summary of the Triassic in Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,20, 41–53, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seyed-Emami, K. (1975): A new species of Distichites (Ammonoidea) from the Upper Triassic Nayband Formation of the Zefreh area (Central Iran).—N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh.,1975, 734–744, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seyed-Emami, K. & Alavi-Naini, M. (1990): Bajocian Stage in Iran.—Mem. Descr. Carta Geo. Ital.,40, 215–221, Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seyed-Emami, K., Fürsich, F.T. & Schairer, G. (2001): Lithostratigraphy, ammonite faunas and paleoenvironments of Middle Jurassic strata in North and Central Iran.—Newsl. Stratigr.,38/2–3, 163–184, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seyed-Emami, K., Fürsich, F. T. & Wilmsen, M. (in press): Documentation and significance of tectonic events in the northern Tabas Block (East-Central Iran) during Middle and Late Jurassic: structural, sedimentary and stratigraphic evidence.—Riv. Ital. Paleont. Stratigr., Milano.

  • Seyed-Emami, K., Schairer, G. & Behroozi, A. (1994): Einige Ammoniten Aus der Kashafrud-Formation (mittlerer Jura) E Mashhad, NE Iran.—Mitt. Bayer. Staatsslg. Paläont. hist. Geol.,34, 145–158, München.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shariatnia, H. (1994): Geological chracteristics of the Parvadeh region of the Tabas coal-bearing basin, Central Iran.—In: Embry, A. F., Beauchamp, B. & Glass, D.J. (ed.): Pangea Global Environments and Resources.—Mem. Canadian Soc. Petrol. Geol.,17, 497–509, Calgary.

  • Soffel, H.C., Davoudzadeh, M., Rolf, C. & Schmidt, S. (1996): New paleomagnetic data from Central Iran and a Triassic paleoreconstruction.—Geol. Rundschau.,85, 293–302, Stuttgart.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli, G. (1978): Étude géologique générale de l'Elbouz oriental au S de Gonbad-e-Qabus, Iran NE.—thesis Univ. Genève, Sec. Sci. de la Terre, 1–329.

  • Stampfli, G., Marcoux, J. & Baud, A. (1991): Tethyan margins in space and time.—Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology. Palaeoecology,87, 373–409, Amsterdam.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli, G. & Pillevuit, A. (1993): An alternative Permo-Triassic reconstruction of the kinematics of the Tethyan realm.—In: Dercourt, J., Ricou, L.E. & Vrielynck, B. (eds.): 55–62, Paris (Gauthier-Villars)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stampfli, G., Zaninetti, L., Brönnimann, P., Jenny-Deshusses, C. & Stampfli-Vuille, B. (1976): Trias de l'Elbourz orienta, Iran. Stratigraphie, Sedimentologie, Micropaléontologie.—Riv. Ital. Paleont.82(3), 467–500, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiger, R. (1966): Geologie der West-Firuzkuh-Area (Zentralelburz, Iran.)—Mitt. Geol. Inst. ETH Univ. Zürich, N.S., 1–145.

  • Stepanov, D.L., Golshani, F. & Stöcklin, J. (1969): Upper Permian and Permian-Triassic boundary in North Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,12, 1–72, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöcklin, J. (1961): Lagunäre Formationen und Salzdome in Ostiran.—Eclogae Geol. Helv.,54/1, 1–27, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöcklin, J. (1971): Stratigraphic Lexicon of Iran. Part I: Central, North and East Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep,18, 1–338, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöcklin, J. (1974): Possible ancient continental margin in Iran.—in: The Geology of Continental Margins. Burk, C.A. & Drake, C.L., eds.: Springer, New York, 837–887.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöcklin, J., Eftekhar-Nezhad, J. & Hushmand-Zadeh, A. (1965): Geology of the Shotori Range (Tabas area, East Iran).—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,3, 1–69, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöcklin, J., Eftekhar-Nezhad, J. & Hushmand-Zadeh, A. (1972): Central Lut Reconnaissance, East Iran.—Geol. Sur. Iran Rep.,22, 1–62, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stöcklin, J. & Nabavi, M.H. (1971): Explanatory text of the Boshruyeh Quandrangle Map, 1:250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. Quadr.,17, 1–50, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet, W.C. (1979): Graphic correlation of Permo-Triassic rocks in Kashmir, Pakistan and Iran.—Geologica and Paleontologica,13, 219–248, Marburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szabo, F. (1977): Permian and Triassic stratigraphy of Fars Area, Southwest Iran.—Proc. 2th Geol. Sympos. Iran, Iran. Petrol. Inst., 308–341, Tehran.

  • Szabo, F. & Kheradpir, (1978): Permian and Triassic stratigraphy of Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran.—J. Petrol. Geol.,1(2), 57–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takin, M. (1972): Iranian Geology and Continental Drift in the Middle East.—Nature,235/5334, 147–150, London.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taraz, H. (1974): Geology of the Surmaq-Dehbid area, Abadeh region, Central Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,37, 1–148, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatzreiter, F. (1978): Zur Stellung derHimavavites columbianus Zone (höheres Mittelnor) in der Tethys.—in: Beitrage zur Biostratigraphie der Tethys-Trias, Schriftenreihe Erdwiss. Komm., Öster. Akad. Wiss.,4, 105–139, Wien.

  • Thiele, O., Alavi, M., Assefi, R., Hushmand-Zadeh, A. & Seyed-Emami, K. (1968): Explnatory text of the Golpaygan Quadrangle Map, 1:250,000.—Geol. Surv. Iran. Geol. Quadr.E, 7, 1–24, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tozer, E.T. (1969): Xenodiscacean ammonoids and their bearing on the discrimination of the Permo-Triassic boundary.—Geol. Mag.,106/4, 348–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tozer, E.T. (1971): Triassic Time and Ammonoidea: Problems and Proposals.—Can. J. Earth Sci.,8, 989–1031.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tozer, E.T. (1972): Triassic Ammonoids and Daonella from the Nakhlak Group, Anarak Region, Central Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,28, 29–69, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vahdati Daneshmand, F. (1982): New findings on the upper contact of the Elikah Formation and introduction of the Paland succesion.—Unpubl. Internal Report Geological Survey Iran, 1–17, Tehran.

  • Vahdati Daneshmand, F. (1992): Geological Quadrangle map of Amol, 1:250.000—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. Quadrangle,F4, Tehran.

  • Vahdati Daneshmand, F. & Saidi, A. (1991): Geological Quadrangle map of Sari, 1:250.000.—Geol. Surv. Iran, Geol. Quadrangle,G4, Tehran.

  • Vaziri, H. (1996): Lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and sedimentary environment of the Triassic rocks of the Nakhlak area in Central Iran.—Ph. D. Thesis, Azad Univ., Tehran (in Persian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaziri, H. (2001): The Triassic Nakhlak Group, an exotic succession in Central Iran.—Proceedings 4th International Symposium on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, Isparta, Turkey, 2001, 53–68.

  • Vollmer, T. (1987): Zur Geologie des nördlichen Zentral-Elburz zwischen Chalus-und Haraz-Tal, Iran.—Mitt. Geol. Paläont. Inst. Univ. Hamburg,63, 1–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wensink, H. (1982): Tectonic inferences of paleomagnetic data from some Mesozoic formations in Central Iran.—J. Geophys.,51, 12–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westermann, G.E.G. & Seyed-Emami, K. (1981): Occurrence of the Upper Triassic bivalveMonotis in Iran.—Paläont. Z.,55/2, 173–174, Stuttgart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, J.W. & Sarjeant, W.A. (1990): Jurassic and Cretaceous palynomorphs from the Central Alborz Mountains, Iran: Their significance in biostratigraphy and paleogeography.—Modern Geology,14/4, 267–374, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamagiwa, N. & Taraz, H. (1981):Thamnasteria (Thamnasteria) rectilamellosa delicata (Reuss) from the Upper Triassic at Zir-e-Mehran in the Abadeh Region, Central Iran.—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,49, 61–72, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahedi, M. (1973): Etude géologique dr la région de Soh (W de I'Iran Central).—Geol. Surv. Iran Rep.,27, 1–197, Tehran.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaninetti, L. & Brönnimann, P. (1974): Étude, micropaleontologique comparée des Involutinidae (Forminiferes) des formations triasiques d'Elika, d'Espahk et de Nayband, Iran.—Eclogae Geol. Helv.,67/2, 402–418, Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaninetti, L., Brönnimann, P., Bozorgnia, F. & Huber, H. (1972): Etude lithologique et micropaléontologique de la formation d'Elika dans la coupe d'Aruh. Alborz Central, Iran septentrional.—Arch. Sci. Génève,25/2, 215–249, Génève.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zaninetti, L., Brönnimann, P., Huber, H. & Moshtaghian, A. (1978): Microfacies et microfauna du Permian au Jurassique au Kuh-e-Gahkum, Sud-Zagros, Iran.—Riv. Ital. Paleont.,81/4, 865–896, Milano.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering, Tehran University, P.O. Box 11365-4563, Tehran, Iran

    Kazem Seyed-Emami

Authors
  1. Kazem Seyed-Emami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Seyed-Emami, K. Triassic in Iran. Facies 48, 91–106 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667532

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02667532

Keywords

Search

Navigation