Metallurgical Transactions B

, Volume 17, Issue 2, pp 259–265 | Cite as

Extraction equilibria in the system GaCl3-AlCl3-HCl-H2O-tributyl phosphate

  • Vesa-Pekka Judin
  • Renato G. Bautista
Hydrometallurgy
Received:

Abstract

Partition equilibria and solution chemistry of the system GaCl3-AlCl3-HCl-H2O-tributyl phosphate is characterized by a simultaneous extraction of gallium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and water by a solvating mechanism. The salting-out power of the aqueous phase was explained by taking into account the stability of aluminum chloride and gallium chloride complex species and the calculated concentration of free chloride ions actually available for the extraction of gallium. Three gallium extraction mechanisms in the range of compositions studied are the extraction of GaCl3 at low H+ and salt concentrations, the extraction of GaCl- 4 at moderate H+ and salt concentrations, and the competition between the extraction of GaCL-4 and an HC1-TBP complex at high H+ and salt concentrations. The extraction of gallium over a wide range of distribution ratios (D = 1 to 1 x 104) could be represented by a chemically based model taking into account the free chloride concentration and the activity coefficient of the total chloride ions.

Keywords

Metallurgical Transaction Gallium Distribution Ratio GaCl Free Chloride 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    A.M. Dymov and A. P. Savostin:Analytical Chemistry of Gallium, Ann Arbor Science Publ., Ann Arbor, MI, 1970, p. 2.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    T. Ishimori, K. Watanabe, and E. Nakamura:Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1960, vol. 33, pp. 636–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    T. Nagumo and M. Murakoshi:Kogyo KagakuZasshi, 1963, vol. 66, pp. 754–56.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    D. Mazonska:Zestyty Nauk. Politekh. Slaska, Chem. No. 24, 1964, pp. 105–06. Ref. Chem. Abstr. 63:14139f.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    D.F.C. Morris, B.D. Andrews, and E.L. Short:J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1966, vol. 28, pp. 2436–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    A. K. De and A. K. Sen:Talanta, 1967, vol. 14, pp. 629–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    T. R. Bhat and S. Sundararajan:J. Less-Common Metals, 1967, vol. 12, pp. 231–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    A. De Schepper:Hydrometallurg, 1979, vol. 4, pp. 285–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    A. M. Reznik and L. A. Zekel’:Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1979, vol. 24, pp. 567–71.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    T. Sato and T. Nakamura:Proc. Symp. Solvent Extraction, Japan. Assoc. Solvent Extraction, Paper 1A01, 1982, pp. 1–8.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    A.M. Reznik, Yu. M. Glubokov, and I. A. Dimitrova:Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1976, vol. 21, pp. 1688–90.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Yu. M. Glubokov, S. S. Korovin, A. M. Reznik, M. R. Agevnin, and I. P. Romm:Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1975, vol. 20, pp. 1396–99.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    E. Hesford and H. A. C. McKay:J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1960, vol. 13, pp. 156–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    V. I. Golovanov:Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1981, vol. 26, pp. 720–23.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    K. Alcock, S. S. Grimley, T. V. Healy, J. Kennedy, and H. A. C. McKay:Trans. FarActay Soc., 1956, vol. 52, pp. 39–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    ASTM Standards, 1976, Part 45:C799.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    P. Pakalns:Anal. Chim. Acta, 1981, vol. 127, pp. 263–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 18.
    J. Mitchell, Jr. and D. M. Smith:Aquametry, Part III: The Karl Fischer Reagent, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1977, 851 pp.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    V. A. Fassel and R. N. Kniseley:Anal. Chem., 1974, vol. 46, pp. 1110A-20A, 1155A-64A.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 20.
    A. S. Kertes:J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1960, vol. 14, pp. 104–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 21.
    V. I. Golovanov:Russ. J. Inorg. Chem., 1982, vol. 27, pp. 852–55.Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    J. W. Roddy and J. Mrochek:J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1966, vol. 28, pp. 3019–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 23.
    M.V. Ionin and R. S. Borisova:Zhur. Fiz. Khim., 1971, vol. 45, pp. 2108–09.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    C. J. Hardy:J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1970, vol. 32, pp. 619–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 25.
    F. Smirous, J. Celeda, and M. Palek:Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 1971, vol. 36, pp. 3891–99.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    F. J.C. Rossotti and H. Rossotti:The Determination of Stability Constants, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 1961, pp. 39–46.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    K.S. Pitzer:J. Phys. Chem., 1973, vol. 77, pp. 268–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. 28.
    K.S. Pitzer and G. Mayorga:J. Phys. Chem., 1973, vol. 77, pp. 2300–08.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 29.
    K. S. Pitzer:J. Solution Chem., 1975, vol. 4, pp. 249–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  30. 30.
    M. Nevarez and R. G. Bautista:AIChE Symp. Series, 1978, vol. 74, pp. 97–106.Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Y-C. Hoh and R. G. Bautista:Proc. Internat. Solvent Extraction Conf., Toronto, 1977, 1979, CIM Special Vol. 21, pp. 273–78.Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    M. H. Mihailov.J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1974, vol. 36, pp. 107–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 33.
    Activity Coefficients in Electrolyte Solutions, M. Pytkowicz, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1979, vol. 1, pp. 157–208.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© The Metallurgical Society of American Institute of Mining 1986

Authors and Affiliations

  • Vesa-Pekka Judin
    • 1
  • Renato G. Bautista
    • 2
  1. 1.Kemira OyOulu Research LaboratoryOuluFinland
  2. 2.Department of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringUniversity of NevadaReno

Personalised recommendations