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Leek yellow stripe virus and its relationships to onion yellow dwarf virus; characterization, ecology and possible control

Preigeelstreepvirus en zijn verwantschap met uiegeelstreepvirus; karakterisering, ecologie en mogelijke bestrijding

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Abstract

Since 1970 yellow stripe disease of leek (Allium porrum) has developed epidemically in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands coincident with increasing year-around cultivation of the crop. Many autumn and winter crops now become totally infected. Apparently similar attacks, first reported in Germany in 1937, are increasingly attracting attention in various European countries.

This paper describes the leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) as a new potyvirus related to onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), which was so far incompletely described. LYSV is hardly infectious to onion (A. cepa) and shallot (A. ascalonicum) and OYDV behaves similarly on leek. The leek virus further differs from OYDV in not being infectious toA. fistulosum and in causing distinct local lesions onChenopodium amaranticolor andC. quinoa.

The two viruses closely resemble each other in external symptoms in their respective hosts, in persistence of infectivity in expressed sap, and in particle morphology and length (LYSV 820 nm; OYDV 833 nm). Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies slightly differ. Further biophysical characters of the two viruses, such as sedimentation coefficient (OYDV 143 S), buoyant density in CsCl (LYSV 1.326; OYDV 1.306, or 1.258 in Cs2SO4), and molecular mass of coat protein subunit (LYSV 34000; OYDV 30000 dalton), are characteristic of the potyvirus group, but do not assist in judging their relationships. Serologically they are only distantly related if at all.

The leek virus is not seed-borne. It is aphid-transmitted in the non-persistent manner and its main epidemic build-up is during late summer and autumn. The sole sources of infection are nearby leek crops. Awaiting the development of resistant leek cultivars, it is advised to avoid sowing leek seed beds and planting spring crops near overwintering leek, and to remove infected plants showing up during summer.

Samenvatting

Sinds ongeveer 1970 is in het Zuidoosten van Nederland in prei(Allium porrum), ongeveer gelijktijdig met de opkomst van de jaarrondcultuur bij dit gewas, snel een geelstreepziekte (Fig. 1 en 2) naar voren gekomen waardoor thans vele herfst- en wintergewassen volledig worden aangetast. Overwinterende gewassen kunnen er zelfs geheel door mislukken. Gelijksoortige aantastingen, reeds in Duitsland bekend sinds 1937, trekken in toenemende mate de aandacht in talrijke landen.

In deze publikatie wordt het preigeelstreepvirus (LYSV) als een nieuw virus uit de aardappelvirus-Y-groep (potyvirusgroep) beschreven. Het is verwant aan het tot dusver onvoldoende gekarakteriseerde uiegeelstreepvirus (OYDV) (Fig. 3). De twee virussen zijn over en weer nauwelijks infectieus voor elkaars hoofdwaardplanten (resp. prei en ui(A. cepa) plus sjalot(A. ascalonicum)). Het preivirus verschilt verder van het uievirus doordat het niet infectieus is voor grof bieslook(A. fistulosum) en opChenopodium amaranticolor enC. quinoa duidelijke lokale lesies doet ontstaan (Tabel 1, Fig. 4 en 5).

De twee virussen lijken veel op elkaar in de in hun eigen waardplanten veroorzaakte uitwendige symptomen (Fig. 1, 2 en 3), in de bestendigheid van het infectievermogen in uitgeperst plantesap en in deeltjesmorfologie en -lengte (LYSV 820 nm; OYDV 833 nm). De cytoplasma-insluitsels (Fig. 7 en 8) verschillen enigszins. De overige biofysische eigenschappen, zoals de sedimentatiecoëfficiënt (OYDV 143S), zweefdichtheid in CsCl (LYSV 1,326; OYDV 1,306) en in Cs2SO4 (OYDV 1,258) en molecuulgewicht van de ondereenheden van de eiwitmantel (LYSV 34000; OYDV 30000 daltons), zijn karakteristiek voor de potyvirusgroep maar helpen niet bij de beoordeling van de verwantschap tussen de twee bestudeerde virussen. Serologisch zijn de twee virussen onderling niet of slechts ver verwant.

Het preivirus gaat niet over met zaad en de enige besmettingsbron voor nieuwe aanplanten zijn naburige oude preigewassen. De belangrijkste verspreiding door bladluizen vindt plaats gedurende nazomer en herfst (Fig. 6). In het beschikbare preirassenassortiment is geen bevredigende resistentie voorhanden. Tegengaan van verspreiding van het nonpersistente virus door bladluisbestrijding en met oliebespuitingen lijkt technisch en economisch niet effectief. Met resistentie-veredeling is een begin gemaakt. Voorlopig wordt geadviseerd om binnen een afstand van minstens 200 m tot zaaibedden en voorjaarsgewassen van prei geen overwinterende prei toe te staan en om gedurende voorjaar en zomer de aanvankelijk spaarzaam voorkomende zieke planten zo spoedig mogelijk en nauwgezet te verwijderen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituut voor Plantenziektenkundig Onderzoek, Postbus 42, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands

    L. Bos, N. Huijberts, H. Huttinga & D. Z. Maat

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  1. L. Bos
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  2. N. Huijberts
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  3. H. Huttinga
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  4. D. Z. Maat
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The last two authors are responsible for biophysical virus characterization and serology, respectively.

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Bos, L., Huijberts, N., Huttinga, H. et al. Leek yellow stripe virus and its relationships to onion yellow dwarf virus; characterization, ecology and possible control. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 84, 185–204 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650386

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