Medical and biological engineering

, Volume 13, Issue 3, pp 443–449 | Cite as

A galvanic cell suitable for monitoring cortical oxygen in man

  • N. A. Baker
Article
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

The construction of a catheter galvanic cell suitable for implantation on the surface of the cortex is described. The silver cathode has a diameter of 125 μm and is behind two 12·5 μm teflon f.e.p. membranes. It can be chemically sterillised and can easily be withdrawn between sutures. It has been used for post-operative oxygen monitoring to give, warning of cerebral hypoxia.

Keywords

Cortical oxygen tension electrodes 

Sommaire

L'article décrit la réalisation d'une pile galvanique cathéter apte à l'implantation sur la surface du cortex. La cathode en argent présentant un diamètre de 125 μm est montée derrière deux membranes de téflon FEP de 12,5 μm. Elle peut être stérilisée chimiquement et extraite entre les sutures. Elle a été utilisée pour le contrôle de l'oxygène post-opératoire pour donner un avertisesment de l'hypoxie cérébrale.

Zusammenfassung

Es wirld der Bau einer galvanischen Katheterzelle beschrieben die sich zur Einpflanzung auf der Oberfläche der Kortex eignet. Die Silberkathode hat einen Durchmesser von 125 μm und liegt hinter zwei Teflon-FEP-Membranen von 12,5 μm. Sie läßt sich chemisch sterilisieren und ohne weiteres aus Wundnähten entfernen. Sie wurde für die Sauerstoffüberwachung nach Operationen zur Warnung vor einer Zerebralhypoxie verwendet.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adams, J. E. andSeveringhaus, J. W. (1962) Oxygen tension of human cerebral grey and white matter.J. Neurosurg. 19, 959–963.Google Scholar
  2. Bell, G. H., Davidson, J. N. andEmslie-Smith, D. (1972) In:Textbook of physiology and biochemistry, p. 894. Churchill Livingstone, London.Google Scholar
  3. Borkowski, J. D. andJohnson, M. J. (1967) Long-lived steam sterilizable membrane probes for dissolved oxygen measurement.Biotech. Bioeng. 9, 635–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Brookman, J. S. G. (1969) The design, construction and characteristics of a new long-lived steam sterilizable oxygen electrode.Biotech. Bioeng. 11, 323–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Carey, F. G. andTeal, J. M. (1965) Responses of oxygen electrodes to variables in construction, assembly and use.J. App. Physiol. 20, 1074–1077.Google Scholar
  6. Cater, D. B., Silver, I. A. andWilson, G. M. (1959) Apparatus and technique for the quantitive measurement of oxygen tension in living tissues.Proc. Roy. Soc. B 151, 256–276.Google Scholar
  7. Caterall, M., Kazantzis, G. andHodges, M. (1967) The performance of nasal catheters and a face mask in oxygen therapy.Lancet 1, 415–417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Clark, L. C. (1956) Monitor and control of blood and tissue oxygen tensions.Trans. Am. Soc. Art. Int. Org. 2, 41–48.Google Scholar
  9. Clark, L. C., Misrahy, G. andFox, R. P. (1958) Chronically implanted polarographic electrodes.J. App. Physiol. 13, 85–91.Google Scholar
  10. Cooper, R. andHulme, A. (1959) Changes of the EEG, intracranial pressure and other variables during sleep in patients with intracranial lesions.Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 27, 12–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Crampton-Smith, A. andHahn, C. E. (1969) Electrodes for the measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions.Brit. J. Anaesth. 41, 731–741.Google Scholar
  12. Davies, P. W. (1962). The oxygen cathode. In:Physical techniques in biological research, Vol. 4, pp. 137–179. Ed.Nastuk, W. L., Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
  13. Davies, P. W. andBronk, D. W. (1955) Oxygen tension in the mammalian brain.Fed. Proc. 16, 689–692.Google Scholar
  14. Evans, N. T. S. andNaylor, P. F. D. (1967) The systemic oxygen supply to the surface of the human skin.Resp. Physiol. 3, 21–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Eμans, N. T. S. andNaylor, P. F. D. (1968) The use of multi-cathode surface oxygen electrodes for studying the microcirculation of human skin.Prog. Resp. Res. 3, 161–164.Google Scholar
  16. Fabel, H. (1968) Normal and critical oxygen supply of the heart. In:Oxygen transport in blood and tissue, pp. 159–171. Eds.Lubbers, D. W., Luft, U. C., Thews, G. andWitzleb, E., Geerg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
  17. Gleichmann, U., Ingvar, D. H., Lubbers, D. W., Siesjo, B. K. andThews, G. (1962a) Regional cerebral cortical metabolic rate of oxygen and carbon dioxide related to the EEG in the anaesthetised deg.Acta Physiol. Scand. 55, 82–94.Google Scholar
  18. Gleichmann, U., Ingvar, D. H., Lubbers, D. W., Siesjo, B. K. andThews, G. (1962b) Tissue pO2 and pCO2 of the cerebral cortex related to blood gas tensions.Acta Physiol. Scand. 55, 127–138.Google Scholar
  19. Gordon, E. (1971) The acid-base balance and oxygen tension of cerebrospinal fluid and their implications for the treatment of patients with brain lesions.Acta Anaesth. Scandinav. Suppl. 39, 1–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Gotoh, F. andMeyer, J. S. (1961) A combined electrode for recording absolute tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide from small areas of tissue.Electroenceph. Clin. Neurophysiol. 13, (1), 119–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. Grunewald, W. (1973) The influence of the three-dimensional capillary pattern on the intercapillary oxygen diffusion. In:Oxygen supply, pp. 5–17. Eds.Kessler, M., Bruly, D. F., Clark, L. C., Lubbers, D. W., Silver, I. A. andStruss, J., Urban and Schwarzenberg, Munich.Google Scholar
  22. Hersch, P. A. (1960) Trace monitoring in gases using galvanic systems.Anal. Chem. 32, 1030–1034.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Ingvar, D. H., Lubbers, D. W. andSiesjo, B. K. (1962) Normal and epileptic EEG patterns related to cortical oxygen tension in the cat.Acta Physiol. Scand. 55, 210–224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Jarnum, S., Lorenzen, I. andSkinhoj, E. (1964) Cisternal fluid oxygen tension in man.Neurology 14, (8), 703–707.Google Scholar
  25. Key, A., Parker, D. andDavies, R. (1970) Use of epoxy resin in oxygen electrodes.Phys. Med. Biol. 15, (3), 569–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  26. Lierse, W. (1968) The capillary density of mammals brain. In:Oxygen transport in blood and tissue, pp. 115–117. Eds:Lubbers, D. W., Luft, U. G., Thews, G. andWitzleb, E., Georg Thieme Verlag. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
  27. Lubbers, D. W. (1968) The oxygen pressure field of the brain and its significance for the normal and critical oxygen supply of the brain. In:Oxygen transport in blood and tissue, pp. 124–139. Eds.Lubbers, D. W., Luft, U. C., Thews, G. andWitzleb, E., Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
  28. Mackereth, F. J. H. (1964) An improved galvanic cell for determination of oxygen concentration in fluids.J. Sci. Instrum. 41, 38–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. Maclennan, D G andPirt, S. J. (1965) A new membrane for electrodes measuring dissolved oxygen tension.Chem. Ind. 27, Nov., p. 1973.Google Scholar
  30. Mancy, K. H., Okun, D. A. andReilley, C. N. (1962) A galvanic cell oxygen analyser.J. Electroanal. Chem. 4, 65–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. Parker, D., Key, A. andScopes, J. (1971) A disposable catheter tip transducer for continuous measurement of blood oxygen tensionin-vivo.Bio-Med. Eng. 6, 313–317.Google Scholar
  32. Roberts, M. andOwens, G. (1972) Direct mass-spectrographic measurement of regional intracerebral oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon.J. Neurosurg. 37, 706–710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. Rossanda, M. andGordon, E. (1970) The oxygen tension of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with brain lesions.Acta Anaesth. Scandinav. 14, 173–181.Google Scholar
  34. Schmidt, C. F. (1964) Cerebral blood supply and cerebral oxidative metabolism. In:Oxygen in the animal organism, pp. 433–442. Eds.Dickens, F. andNeil, E. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
  35. Silver, I. (1967) Polarography and its biological applications.Phys. Med. Biol. 12 (3), 285–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  36. Urbach, F. andNoell, W. K. (1958) Effects of oxygen breathing on tumour oxygen measured polarographically.J. App. Physiol. 13, 61–65.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© International Federation for Medical & Biological Engineering 1975

Authors and Affiliations

  • N. A. Baker
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of NeurosurgeryFrenchay HospitalBristolEngland

Personalised recommendations