Evolutionary Ecology

, Volume 5, Issue 2, pp 136–145 | Cite as

Parthenocarpic fruits in wild parsnip: Decoy defence against a specialist herbivore

  • Arthur R. Zangerl
  • May R. Berenbaum
  • James K. Nitao
Papers

Summary

Parthenocarpy, the production of fruits without viable seeds, is a widespread phenomenon in plants. While failure to effect pollination or fertilization is often cited as the cause of parthenocarpy, this explanation alone is inadequate to explain why plants produce, maintain and further develop fruits. Wild parsnips (Pastinaca sativa) frequently produce parthenocarpic fruit. When parsnip webworms (Depressaria pastinacella), specialist feeders on wild parsnip, were given choices between normal fruit and parthenocarpic fruit, they exhibited a strong preference for parthenocarpic fruit. However, on parthenocarpic fruit, insects fed less efficiently and grew more slowly than insects fed normal fruit. Parthenocarpic fruits, then, may act as decoys that divert herbivores away from fruits that contain plant offspring.

Keywords

Parthenocarpy fruits defence wild parsnip Pastinaca sativa parsnip webworm Depressaria pastinacella furanocoumarins decoys 
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Copyright information

© Chapman and Hall Ltd. 1991

Authors and Affiliations

  • Arthur R. Zangerl
    • 1
  • May R. Berenbaum
    • 1
  • James K. Nitao
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of EntomologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana
  2. 2.Department of EntomologyMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing

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