Abstract
In order to study the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) on the development of root rot infection, tomato plants were raised with or withoutGlomus mosseae and/orPhytophthora nicotianae var.parasitica in a sand culture system. All plants were fed with a nutrient solution containing one of two phosphorus (P) levels, 32µM (I P) or 96µM (II P), to test the consequence of enhanced P nutrition by the AM fungus on disease dynamics. Mycorrhizal plants had a similar development to that of control plants. Treatment withPhytophthora nicotianae var.parasitica resulted in a visible reduction in plant weight and in a widespread root necrosis in plants without mycorrhiza. The presence of the AM fungus decreased both weight reduction and root necrosis. The percentage reduction of adventitious root necrosis and of necrotic root apices ranged between 63 and 89% The enhancement of P nutrition increased plant development, but did not appreciably decrease disease spread. In our system, mycorrhiza increased plant resistance toP. nicotianae var.parasitica infection. Although a contribution of P nutrition by mycorrhiza cannot be excluded, other mechanisms appear to play a crucial role.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- AM:
-
arbuscular mycorrhizae
- G− Phy− :
-
plants withoutG. mosseae norP. nicotianae var.parasitica
- G+ Phy− :
-
plants withG. mosseae but withoutP. nicotianae var.parasitica
- G− Phy+ :
-
plants withoutG. mosseae but with P. nicotianae var.parasitica
- G+ Phy+ :
-
plants with bothG. mosseae andP. nicotianae var.parasitica
- I P:
-
first phosphorus level (32µM)
- II P:
-
second phosphorus level (96µM)
References
Baath E and Hayman D S 1983 Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XIV. Interactions withVerticillium wilt on tomato plants. New Phytol. 95, 419–426.
Baath E and Hayman D S 1984 No effect of VA mycorrhiza on red core disease of strawberry. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 82, 534–536.
Berta G, Fusconi A and Trotta A 1993 VA Mycorrhizal infection and the morphology and function of root systems. Environ. Exp. Bot. 33, 159–173.
Berta G, Trotta A, Fusconi A, Hooker J E, Munro M, Atkinson D, Giovannetti M, Morini S, Fortuna P, Tisserant B, Gianinazzi-Pearson V and Gianinazzi S 1995 Arbuscular mycorrhizal induced changes to plant growth and root system morphology inPrunus cerasifera. Tree Physiol. 15, 281–293.
Cahill D and Weste G 1983 Formation of callose deposits are a response to infection withPhytophthora cinnamomi. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 80, 23–29.
Caron M, Fortin J A and Richard C 1985 Influence of substrate on the interaction ofGlomus intraradices andFusarium oxysporium f. sp.radicis-lycopersici on tomatoes. Plant and Soil 87, 233–239.
Caron M, Fortin J A and Richard C 1986 Effect of phosphorus concentration andGlomus intraradices onFusarium crown and root rot of tomatoes. Phytopathology 76, 942–946.
Cook R J and Baker K F 1983 The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. APS Press, St. Paul. USA. 539 p.
Davis R M 1980 Influence ofGlomus fasciculatum onThielaviopsis basicola root rot of citrus. Plant Dis. 64, 839–840.
Davis R M and Menge J A 1980 Influence ofGlomus fasciculatum and soil phosphorus onPhytophthora root rot of citrus. Phytopathology 70, 447–452.
Davis R M, Menge J A and Erwin D C 1979 Influence ofGlomus fasciculatum and soil phosphorus onVerticillium wilt of cotton. Phytopathology 69, 453–456.
Fitter A H and Stickland T R 1991 Architectural analysis of plant root systems. 2. Influence of nutrient supply on architecture in contrasting plant species. New Phytol. 118, 383–389.
Fogg D N and Wilkinson N T 1958 The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. Analyst 83, 406–414.
Fusconi A, Berta G, Tagliasacchi A M, Scannerini S, Trotta A, Gnavi E and De Padova S 1994 Root apical meristems of arbuscular mycorrhizae ofAllium porrum L. Environ. Exp. Bot. 34, 181–193.
Graham J H and Menge J A 1982 Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae and soil phosphorus on take-all disease of wheat. Phytopathology 72, 95–98.
Harley J L and Smith S E 1983 Mycorrhizaí Symbiosis. Academic press, London, UK. 483 p.
Hewitt E J 1966 Sand and water culture methods used in the study of plant nutrition. Tech. Comm., CAB, London, UK. 347 p.
Hooker J E, Jaizme-Vega M and Atkinson D 1994 Biocontrol of plant pathogens using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.In Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizas on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Ecosystems. Eds. S Gianinazzi and H Schüepp. pp 191–200. Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.
Kaye J W, Pfleger F L and Stewart E L. 1984 Interaction ofGlomus fasciculatum andPythium ultimum on greenhouse grown poinsettia. Can. J. Bot. 62, 1575–1579.
Keen N T and Yoshikawa M 1983 Physiology of disease and the nature of resistance toPhytophthora.In Phytophthora its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology. Eds. D C Erwin, S Bartnicki-Garcia and P H Tsao. pp 279–287. APS Press, St. Paul, USA.
Krishna K R and Bagyaraj D J 1983 Interaction betweenGlomus fasciculatum andSclerotium rolfsii in peanut. Can. J. Bot. 61, 2349–2351.
Kuttner T and Lichtenstein L 1932 Microcolorimetric studies. III. Estimation of organically bound phosphorus. A system of analysis of phosphorus compounds in blood. J. Biol. Chem. 95, 661–670.
Linderman R G 1994 Role of VAM fungi in biocontrol.In Mycorrhizae and Plant Health. Eds. F L Pfleger and R G Linderman. pp 1–25. APS Press, St. Paul, USA.
Liu R J 1995 Effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi onVerticillium wilt cotton. Mycorrhiza 5, 293–297.
McGraw A C and Schenck N C 1981 Effects of two species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the development of fusarium wilt of tomato (abstr.). Phytopathology 71, 894.
Philipps J M and Hayman D S 1970 Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 55, 158–161.
Reddy M V, Rao J N and Krishna K R 1989 Influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae onFusarium wilt on pigeonpea. Int. Pig. Newsl. 9, 23.
Rosendahl C N and Rosendahl S 1990 The role of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in controlling damping-off and growth reduction in cucumber caused byPythium ultimum. Symbiosis 9, 363–366.
Schmitthenner A F and Canaday C H 1983 role of chemical factors in development ofPhytophthora diseases.In Phytophthora its Biology, Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology. Eds. D C Erwin, S Bartnicki-Garcia and P H Tsao. pp 189–196. APS Press, St. Paul, USA.
Singleton L L, Minhail J D and Rush C M 1993 Methods for Research on soilborne Phytopathogenic Fungi. APS Press, St. Paul, USA. 265 p.
Smith V L, Wilcox W F and Harman G E 1990 Potential for biological control ofPhytophthora root and crown rots of apple byTrichoderma andGliocladium spp. Phytopathology 80, 880–885.
Trouvelot A, Kough J L and Gianinazzi -Pearson V 1986 Mesure du taux de mycorhization VA d'un système radiculaire. Recherche de Méthodes d'estimation ayant une signification fonctionelle.ln Mycorrhizae: Physiology and Genetics 1st ESM, Dijon 1–5 July 1985. INRA, Paris, France.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Trotta, A., Varese, G.C., Gnavi, E. et al. Interactions between the soilborne root pathogenPhytophthora nicotianae var.parasitica and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae in tomato plants. Plant Soil 185, 199–209 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257525
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257525