Plant and Soil

, Volume 56, Issue 1, pp 123–139 | Cite as

Occurrence and infective potential of the endophyte ofHippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp.rhamnoides in coastal sand-dune areas

  • P. A. I. Oremus
Article
Received:

Summary

The infective potential (IP) of nodule homogenates from field-grownHippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp.rhamnoides was determined by counting the number of nodules formed on test plants after inoculation with various dilutions of the homogenates. The IP was almost constant,i.e. 105 to 106 per gram of fresh nodule material. Methods to store nodule material without loss of IP were tested. The IP of air-dried nodule powders stored at 6°C hardly decreased during a period of more than a year.

Data are presented on the IP of soil samples from sites representing various stages of dune formation. BeforeH. rhamnoides appeared, the IP was low: 1 to 36 nodules were formed on test plants per kg of soil. This low IP was due to low numbers of infective endophyte particles in these soils. During the succession of theH. rhamnoides scrub, the IP of the soil increased, due to the increase in the number of endophyte particles in the soil. Gradually, however, nodulation was limited by other environmental factors. The nature of these factors is discussed.

Key Words

Actinorhizas Ecology Endophyte distribution Hippophaë rhamnoides Infective potential Nodulation Root nodules 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Akkermans, A. D. L. 1971 Nitrogen fixation and nodulation of Alnus and Hippophaë under natural conditions. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Leiden.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Akkermans, A. D. L. and Dijk, C. van 1975 The formation and nitrogen fixing activity of the root nodulates ofAlnus glutinosa under field conditions.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. Ed. P. S. Nutman, I.B.P. 7, Cambridge Univ. Press. 511–520.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Akkermans, A. D. L. and Dijk, C. van 1980 Non-leguminous root-nodule symbioses with actinomycetes and rhizobium.In Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation. Ed. W. J. Broughton, Oxford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Akkermans, A. D. L. and Houwers, A. 1979 Symbiotic nitrogen fixers available for use in temperate forestry.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of temperate Forests. Eds. J. C. Gordonet al. Oregon State Univ. Press, 23–35.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Allen, M. B. and Arnon, D. I. 1955 Studies on nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. I. Growth and nitrogen fixation byAnabaena cylindrica Lemm. Plant Physiol. Lancaster30, 366.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Baker, D. and Torrey, J. G. 1979 The isolation and cultivation of actinomycetous root nodule endophytes.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of temperate Forests. Eds. J. C. Gordonet al. Oregon State Univ. Press. 38–56.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Bond, G., Fletcher, W. W. and Ferguson, T. P. 1954 The development and function of the root nodules ofAlnus, Myrica andHippophae. Plant and Soil5, 309–323.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Bond, G., MacConnell, J. T. and McCallum, A. H. 1956 The nitrogen-nutrition ofHippophaë rhamnoides. Ann. Bot.20, 501–512.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Bond, G. and MacKintosh, A. H. 1975 Effect of nitrate-nitrogen on the nodule symbiosis ofCoriaria andHippophaë. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser.B 190, 199–209.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Callaham D., Del Tredici, P. and Torrey, J. G. 1978 Isolation and Cultivation in vitro of the Actinomycete Causing Root Nodulation inComptonia. Science199, 899–902.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Davies, B. E. 1974 Loss-on-ignition as an estimate of soil organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.38, 150–151.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Dijk, C. van 1978 Spore formation and endophyte diversity in root nodules ofAlnus glutinosa (L.) Vill. New Phytol.81, 601–615.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Dijk, C. van 1979 Endophyte distribution in the soil.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of temperate Forests. Eds. J. C. Gordonet al., Oregon State Univ. Press. 84–94.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Fisher, R. H. 1921. On the mathematical foundations of theoretical statistics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London222, 309–368.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Fisher, R. H. and Yates, F. 1974 Statistical Tables for Biological Agricultural and Medical Research, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh. 146 p.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Gardner, I. C. 1976 Ultrastructural studies of non-leguminous root nodules.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. Ed. P. S. Nutman, I.B.P. 7, Cambridge Univ. Press, 485–496.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Hely, F. W., Bergersen, F. J. and Brockwell, J. 1957. Microbial antagonism in the rhizosphere as a factor in the failure of inoculation of subterranean clover. Aust. J. Agric. Res.8, 24–44.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Houba, V. J. G., Schouwenburg, J. Chr. van and Waling, I. 1974 Soil analysis. II. Methods of analysis for soils. M.Sc. Course, Wageningen.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Knowlton, S., Berry, A. and Torrey, J. G. 1979 The role of rhizosphere microorganisms in nodule formation inAlnus rubra Bong.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of temperate Forests. Eds. J. C. Gordonet al. Oregon State Univ. Press. 479–480.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Krywolap, G. N., Grand, L. F. and Casida, L. G. 1964 The natural occurrence of an antibiotic in the mycorrhizal fungusCenococcum graniforme. Can. J. Microbiol.10, 323–328.Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Lechevalier, M. P. and Lechevalier, H. A. 1979 The taxonomic position of the actinomycetic endophytes.In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of temperate Forests. Eds. J. C. Gordonet al. Oregon State Univ. Press. 111–122.Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Ledwood, J. S. and Shimwall, D. W. 1971 Growth rates ofHippophaë rhamnoides L. Ann. Bot.35, 1053–1058.Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Marx, D. H. and Davey, C. B. 1967. Ectotrophic mycorrhizae as determinants of pathogenic root infections. Nature London213, 1139.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Oremus, P. A. I. 1974 The study of the root-nodule symbiosis ofHippophaë rhamnoides; a method to estimate the number of infective particles per unit weight of nodule material Ver. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., 2e Reeks63, 105–110.Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Oremus, P. A. I. 1979 A quantitative study of nodulation inHippophaë rhamnoides L. ssp.rhamnoides in a coastal dune area. Plant and Soil52, 59–68.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    Quispel, A. and Tak, T. 1978 Studies on the growth of the endophyte ofAlnus glutinosa (L.) Vill. in nutrient solutions. New Phytol.81, 587–600.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Salisbury, E. 1952 Downs and Dunes. Their plant life and its environment G. Bell & Sons Ltd., London. 328 p.Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Sasek, V. and Musilek, V., 1967. Cultivation and antibiotic activity of mycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Folia Microbiol.12, 515–523.Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Sasek, V. and Musilek, V., 1968 Two antibiotic compounds from a mycorrhizal basidiomycetes. Folia Microbiol.13, 43–45.Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Stewart, W. D. P. and Pearson, M. C. 1967 Nodulation and nitrogen fixation byHippophaë rhamnoides in the field. Plant and Soil26, 348–360.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Martinus Nijhoff Publishers b.v 1980

Authors and Affiliations

  • P. A. I. Oremus
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Dune Research Weevers' DuinInstitute for Ecological ResearchOostvoorneThe Netherlands

Personalised recommendations