Die Kulturpflanze

, Volume 32, Issue 1, pp 35–65 | Cite as

Modellvorstellungen zur Kohlenstoff-Isotopendiskriminierung bei der Photosynthese von C3- und C4-Pflanzen

  • Martin Peisker
Originalarbeiten
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Zusammenfassung

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Modelle für die Anreicherung des Kohlenstoffatoms12C gegenüber13C bei der Photosynthese von C3- und C4-Pflanzen beschrieben und im Zusammenhang mit Literaturdaten zum Einfluß innerer und äußerer Faktoren auf diesen Vorgang diskutiert. Bei den C3-Pflanzen wird die Isotopendiskriminierung durch das Verhältnis der Geschwindigkeiten des Transports von CO2 in das Blatt und der Carboxylierung des Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphats (RuBP) bestimmt. Ausdruck dieses Zusammenhangs ist eine vonFarquhar (1980) angegebene lineare Beziehung zwischen δ13C-Wert und dem Verhältnis von interzellulärer und äußerer CO2-Konzentration. Die Isotopendiskriminierung bei der C4-Photosynthese ist ebenfalls von den Geschwindigkeiten der Diffusion von CO2 in das Blatt und der primären Carboxylierung von Phosphoenolpyruvat (PEP) abhängig. Wegen der unvermeidlichen Verluste von CO2 aus den Leitbündelscheidenzellen sind aber auch die sekundäre Carboxylierung von RuBP und der CO2-Transport innerhalb des Blattes zu berücksichtigen. Ein auf dieser Grundlage entwickeltes Modell, das im Gegensatz zu einem früher beschriebenen Ansatz auch die CO2-Abhängigkeit der Geschwindigkeitsparameter für die Carboxylierungsschritte einschließlich der Limitierung der PEP-Carboxylierung durch die PEP-Regenerationsrate berücksichtigt, wird ausführlich dargestellt. Nach diesem Modell können die wenigen bisher bekannten Befunde zum Einfluß hoher CO2-Konzentrationen auf die Isotopendiskriminierung von C4-Pflanzen als Hinweis darauf interpretiert werden, daß der Isotopeneffekt der RuBP-Carboxylierung bei den C4-Pflanzen möglicherweise größer ist als bei den C3-Pflanzen.

Liste der Abkürzungen

PEP

Phosphoenolpyruvat

PEPC

Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxylase

RuBP

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat

RuBPC

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-Carboxylase

RuBPCO

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphat-Carboxylase/Oxygenase Decarboxylierende Enzyme der drei Typen von C4-Pflanzen:

NADP-Me

NADP-abhängiges Malat-Enzym

NAD-Me

NAD-abhängiges Malat-Enzym

PCK

Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxykinase

Models of carbon isotope discrimination during photosynthesis of C3 and C4 plants

Summary

Models of fractionation of carbon atoms12C and13C during photosynthesis of C3 and C4 plants are described and discussed with regard to the influence of internal and external factors on this process. Isotope discrimination in C3 plants is determined by the ratio of the rates of CO2 transfer into the leaf and carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). This relationship can be expressed by a linear equation between δ13C value and the ratio of intercellular and external CO2 concentration as proposed byFarquhar (1980). Carbon isotope discrimination by C4 photosynthesis also depends on the rates of CO2 diffusion into the leaf and of primary carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). However, because of the unavoidable losses of CO2 from bundle sheath cells the secondary carboxylation of RuBP as well as CO2 transfer processes within the leaf must be taken into account, too. A model based on these features is explained in some detail. In contrast to a model proposed earlier the presented model considers the dependence on CO2 concentration of rate parameters for the carboxylation steps including limitation of PEP carboxylation by PEP regeneration rate. According to the model the spare experimental results on the influence of high concentrations of CO2 on carbon isotope discrimination in C4 plants may be interpreted as an indication that the isotope effect of RuBP carboxylation in C4 plants could be higher than in C3 plants.

Модели изотопной дискриминации углерода в фотосинтезе С3 - и С4 -растений

Краткое содержание

В предлагаемой работе описываются модели обогащения углеродного атома12С в сравнении13С в фотосинтезе растений типа С3 и С4 и, в связи с литературным данными, обсуждается влияние внутренних и внешних факторов на этот процесс. У С3-растений изотопная дискриминация определяется соотношением скоростей транспорта СО2 к листьям и карбоксилирования рибулозо-1,5-дифосфата (РДФ). Выражением этой связи является, предложенная Фаркуаром (1980), линейная зависимость величины δ13 С от соотношения межклеточной и внешней концентрацнн СО2. Изотопная дискриминация в синтезе типа С4 зависит такзе от скоростей диффузии СО2 к листу и первичного карбоксилирования фосфоэнолпирувата (ФЭП). Благодаря неизбежной потере СО2 из клеток обкладки проводящих пучков, вадо учитыватв вторичное карбоксилирование РДФ и транспорт СО2 внутри листа. Подробно описывается модель, построенная на этой основе, которая, в противоположность ранее предложенной, учитывает также параметры скорости протекания Фаз карбоксилирования в зависимости от концентрации СО2, включая лимитирование карбоксилирования ФЭП его регенеративной скороствю. Применяя описанную модель, можно немногие, до сих пор известные, данные о влиянии высоких концентраций СО2 на изотопную дискриминацию у С4-растений, интерпретировать как указание на то, что изотопный эффект карбоксилирования ФЭП у С4 -растений, возможно, оказывается более сильным, чем у С3-растений.

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Copyright information

© Akademie-Verlag 1983

Authors and Affiliations

  • Martin Peisker
    • 1
  1. 1.Zentralinstitut für Genetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDRGaterslebenDDR

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