Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by PCR before seroconversion in high-risk individuals who remain seronegative for prolonged periods
Notes
- 23 Downloads
- 2 Citations
Abstract
HIV-1 seronegative patients at high risk for HIV infection were followed up. In 1990 PCR was positive for HIV DNA sequences in samples of 17 seronegative patients who continued to report for surveillance of HIV infection. There was clear evidence of seroconversion in four of these 17 seronegative patients, while in one patient an indeterminate result for HIV was repeatedly obtained in different samples. The other 12 patients continue to be seronegative without any evidence of HIV infection except the presence of provirus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It is important to apply the PCR technique together with tests to detect other virological and immunological markers, in order to identify seronegative carriers and thus avoid HIV transmission by them.
Keywords
High Risk Internal Medicine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mononuclear Cell Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Courouce AM, Benhamou E, Davally J, Chamaret S Comparison of commercial kits for the detection of anti-LAV antibodies in blood donors. Annales de L'Institut Pasteur/Virologie 1987, 138: 61–66.Google Scholar
- 2.Marlink RG, Allan JS, McLane MF, Essex M, Anderson KC, Groopman JE Low sensitivity of ELISA testing in early HIV infection. New England Journal of Medicine 1987, 315: 1549.Google Scholar
- 3.Ranki A, Valle SL, Krohn M, Antonen J, Allain J-P, Leuther M, Franchini G, Krohn K Long latency precedes overt seroconversion in sexually transmitted human-immunodeficiency-virus infection. Lancet 1987, ii: 589–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Imagawa DT, Lee MH, Wolinsky SM, Sano K, Morales F, Kwok S, Sninsky JJ, Nishanian PG, Giorgi J, Fahey JL, Dudley J, Visscher B, Detels R Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in homosexual men who remain seronegative for prolonged periods. New England Journal of Medicine 1989, 320: 1458–1462.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 5.Salahuddin SZ, Groopman JE, Markham PD, Sarngadharan MG, Redfield RR, McLane MF, Essex M, Sliski A, Gallo RC HTLV-III in symptom free seronegative persons. Lancet 1984, ii: 1418–1420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.Mayer KH, Stoddard AM, McCusker J, Ayotte D, Ferriani R, Groopman JE Human T-lymphotropic virus type III in high-risk, antibody-negative homosexual men. Annals of Internal Medicine 1986, 104: 194–196.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 7.Schnittman S, Psallidopoulos M, Lane HC, Thompson L, Baseler M, Massari F, Fox CH, Salzman NP, Fauci As The reservoir for HIV-1 in human peripheral blood is a T cell that maintains expression of CD4. Science 1989, 245: 305–308.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Ou CY, Kwok S, Mitchell SW, Mack DH, Sninsky JJ, Krebs JW, Feorino P, Warfield D, Schochetman G DNA amplification for direct detection of HIV-1 in DNA of peripheral blood monoculear cells. Science 1988, 239: 295–297.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 9.Loche M, Mach B Identification of HIV-infected seronegative individuals by a direct diagnostic test based on hybridisation to amplified viral DNA. Lancet 1988, ii: 418–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 10.Laure F, Courgnaud V, Rouzioux C, Blanche S, Veber F, Burgard M, Jacomet C, Griscelli C, Brechot C Detection of HIV-1 DNA in infants and children by means of the polymerase chain reaction. Lancet 1988, ii: 538–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Wolinsky S, Rinaldo CR, Kwok S, Sninsky JJ, Gupta P, Imagawa D, Farzadegan H, Jacobsen LP, Grovit KS, Lee MH, Chmiel JS, Ginzburg H, Kaslow RA, Phair JP Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in a median of 18 months before a diagnostic Western blot. Annals of Internal Medicine 1988, 111: 961–972.Google Scholar
- 12.Ward JW, Holmberg SD, Allen JR, Cohn DL, Critchley SE, Kleinman SH, Lenes BA, Ravenholt O, Davis JR, Quinn MG, Jaffe HW Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus by blood transfusions screened as negative for HIV antibody. New England Journal of Medicine 1988, 318: 473–478.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 13.Donahue JG, Nelson KE, Muñoz A, McAllister HA, Yawn DH, Ness PM, Cohen ND Transmission of HIV by transfusion of screened blood. New England Journal of Medicine 1991, 323: 1709.Google Scholar
- 14.Simmonds RJ, Holmberg SD, Hurwitz RL, Coleman TR, Bottenfield S, Conley LJ, Kohlenberg SH, Castro KG, Dahan BA, Schable CA, Rayfield MA, Rogers MF Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from a seronegative organ and tissue donor. New England Journal of Medicine 1992, 326: 726–732.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 15.Rayfield M, De Cock K, Heyward W, Goldstein L, Krebs J, Kwok S, Lee S, McCormick J, Moreau JM, Odehouri K, Schochetman G, Sninsky JJ, Ou C-Y Mixed human immunodeficiency virus infection in an individual: demonstration of both type 1 and type 2 proviral sequences by using polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1988, 158: 1170–1176.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 16.Coulaud JP, Girard PM Histoire naturelle de l'infection par VIH chez l'adulte. In: Montagnier L, Rozenbaum W, Gluckman JC (ed). SIDA et infection par VIH. Flammarion, París, 1989, p. 217–228.Google Scholar
- 17.Cooper DA, Gold J, McLean P, Donovan B, Finlayson R, Barnes TG, Michelmore HM, Brooke P, Penny R Acute AIDS retrovirus infection: definition of a clinical illness associated with seroconversion. Lancet 1985, i: 547–550.Google Scholar
- 18.Tindall B, Cooper DA Primary HIV infection: host responses and intervention strategies. AIDS 1991, 5: 1–14.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 19.Haseltine WA Silent HIV infections. New England Journal of Medicine 1989, 320: 1487–1489.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 20.Laga M, Taleman H, Van der Stuyft P, Bonncaux L, Vercauteren G, Piot P Advanced immunodeficiency as a risk factor for heterosexual transmission of HIV. AIDS 1989, 3: 361–369.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 21.Goedert JJ, Eyster M, Biggar RJ, Blattner WA Heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus; association with severe depletion of T helper lymphocytes in men with haemophilia. AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 1987, 3: 355–360.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 22.Terai C, Kornbluth RS, Pauza CD, Richman DD, Carson DA Apoptosis as a mechanism of cell death in cultured T lymphoblasts acutely infected with HIV-1. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1991, 87: 1710–1715.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 23.Mariotti M, Rouger P, Thauvin M, Salmon C, Lefrere JJ Failure to detect evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by polymerase chain reaction assay in blood donors with isolated core antibodies (anti-p24 or p17) to HIV. Transfusion 1990, 30: 704–706.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
- 24.Jackson JB, Mac Donald VL, Cadwell J, Sullivan C, Kline WE, Hanson M, Sannerud KJ, Stramer SL, Fildes NJ, Kwok SY Absence of HIV infection in blood donors with indeterminate Western blot test for antibody to HIV-1. New England Journal of Medicine 1990, 322: 217–222.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 25.Bednarik DP, Folks TM Mechanisms of HIV-1 latency. AIDS 1992, 6: 3–16.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 26.Jehuda-Cohen T, Slade BA, Powell JD, Villinger F, De B, Folks TM, McClure HM, Sell KW, Ahmsed-Ansari A Polyclonal B-cell activation reveals antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in HIV-seronegative individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1990, 87: 3972–3976.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 27.Clerici M, Berzofsky JA, Shearer GM, Tacket CO Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 specific T-helper cell responses before detection of infection by polymerase chain reaction and serum antibodies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1991, 164: 178–182.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 8.Guatelli JC, Gingeras TR, Richman DD Nucleic acid amplification in vitro: detection of sequences with low copy numbers and application to diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1989, 2: 217–226.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 29.Boulerice F, Bour S, Geleziunas R, Lvovich A, Wainberg MA High frequency of isolation of defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and heterogenicity of viral gene expression in clones of infected U-937 cells. Journal of Virology 1990, 64: 1745–1751.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 30.Bukrinsky MI, Stanwick TL, Dempsey MP, Stevenson M Quiescent T lymphocytes as an inducible virus reservoir in HIV-1 infection. Science 1991, 254: 423–427.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 31.Besansky NJ, Butera ST, Shina S, Folks TM Unintegrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in chronically infected cell lines is not correlated with surface CD4 expression. Journal of Virology 1991, 65: 2695–2698.PubMedGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH 1994