Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology

, Volume 98, Issue 5, pp 313–324 | Cite as

Characterisation of energy-dependent efflux of imazalil and fenarimol in isolates of Penicillium italicum with a low, medium and high degree of resistance to DMI-fungicides

  • J. Guan
  • J. C. Kapteyn
  • A. Kerkenaar
  • M. A. De Waard
Articles
Accepted:

Abstract

Differential accumulation of [14C]imazalil and [14C]fenarimol by germlings of wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates ofPenicillium italicum was studied at various pH values. At pH 7 and 8 the low-resistant isolate E300−3 accumulated 22% and 35%, respectively, less imazalil than the wild-type isolate W5. Imazalil accumulation at pH 5 and 6 was similar. Isolate E300−3 also accumulated less fenarimol as compared with the wild-type isolate. This difference was much more obvious than for imazalil and was observed at all pH values tested. Differences in accumulation of both imazalil and fenarimol between low (E300−3), medium (H17) and high resistant (I33) isolates were not observed. These results suggest that decreased accumulation of DMIs is responsible for a low level of resistance only and that additional mechanisms of resistance might operate in isolates with a medium and high degree of resistance. With all isolates fenarimol accumulation was energy-dependent. This was not obvious for imazalil.

The wild-type and DMI-resistant isolates had a similar plasma membrane potential as determined with the probe [14C]tetraphenylphosphonium bromide ([14C]TPP+). Various test compounds, among which ATPase inhibitors, ionophoric antibiotics and calmodulin antagonists, affected the accumulation of [14C]TPP+, [14C]imazalil and [14C]fenarimol. No obvious correlation between the effects of the test compounds on accumulation levels of the fungicides and [14C]TPP+ could be observed. These results indicate that the plasma membrane potential does not mediate the efflux of DMI fungicides byP. italicum.

Additional keywords

ATPase inhibitors calmodulin antagonists fenarimol imazalil ionophoric antibiotics sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitors tetraphenylphosphonium bromide 
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Copyright information

© Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 1992

Authors and Affiliations

  • J. Guan
    • 1
  • J. C. Kapteyn
    • 1
  • A. Kerkenaar
    • 2
  • M. A. De Waard
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of PhytopathologyWageningen Agricultural UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands
  2. 2.Denka International B.V.Barneveldthe Netherlands

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