Breakfasts with different fiber and macronutrient contents do not differentially affect timing, size or microstructure of the subsequent lunch
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Summary
The effects of four equienergetic breakfasts with varying fiber and macronutrient contents on hunger and satiety ratings, on subsequent lunch intake, and on postprandial carbohydrate and fat metabolism were investigated in normal weight male subjects in two experiments, in which lunch was offered at a predetermined time (Experiment 1) or in which the subjects were free to choose when to eat lunch (Experiment 2). Consumption of either a commercially available high fiber cereal (HFC, 10 % fiber), a medium fiber cereal (MFC, 7 % fiber), a low fiber cereal (LFC, 3 % fiber), or a standard continental breakfast (0 % fiber) on nonconsecutive days did not differentially affect hunger and satiety ratings, the size or microstructure of the subsequent lunch, and the breakfast to lunch intermeal interval (in Experiment 2). Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and insulin increased more after the LFC breakfast than after the other breakfast varieties. A reactive postprandial hypoglycaemia occurred after the LFC breakfast, shortly before lunch. The plasma concentrations of fat metabolites (triglycerides, free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate) and of glucagon were not differentially affected by the breakfast varieties. The results are consistent with the assumption that energy content of a meal is the major determinant of subsequent energy intake in man and that fiber content and macronutrient composition have only a modulating effect.
Key words
Microstructure of eating dietary fiber macronutrients mechanisms of satiety cereals metabolitesFrühstücke mit unterschiedlichem Faser- und Makronährstoffgehalt haben keinen unterschiedlichen Einfluß auf Zeitpunkt, Größe oder Mikrostruktur des darauffolgenden Mittagessens
Zusammenfassung
Der Einfluss von 4 isoenergetischen Frühstücken mit unterschiedlichem Nahrungsfaser-und Makronährstoffgehalt auf Hunger und Sättigung, auf das nachfolgende Mittagessen sowie auf den postprandialen Kohlenhydrat-und Fettstoffwechsel wurde an normalgewichtigen, männlichen Probanden in 2 Experimenten untersucht, in denen das Mittagessen entweder zu einem vorbestimmten Zeitpunkt angeboten wurde (Experiment 1), oder in dem die Probanden selbst den Zeitpunkt des Mittagessens bestimmen konnten (Experiment 2). Der Verzehr eines handelsüblichen Müslis mit hohem (10 %), mittlerem (7 %) und niedrigem (3 %) Fasergehalt (HFC, MFC und LFC) oder ein Standard-Frühstück (0 % Fasern) hatten keinen unterschiedlichen Einfluß auf Hunger und Sättigung, Grösse und Mikrostruktur des folgenden Mittagessens und auf die Zeitspanne zwischen Frühstück und Mittagessen (in Experiment 2). Die Plasmakonzentrationen von Glucose, Lactat und Insulin stiegen nach dem LFC-Frühstück stärker an als nach den anderen Frühstücksvarianten. Eine reaktive postprandiale Hypoglykämie trat nach dem LFC-Frühstück kurz vor dem Mittagessen auf. Die Plasmakonzentrationen von Metaboliten des Fettstoffwechsels (Triglyceride, freie Fettsäuren, β-Hydroxybutyrate) und von Glucagon wurden durch die Frühstücksvarianten nicht unterschiedlich beeinflusst. Die Resultate stehen im Einklang mit der Annahme, daß der Energiegehalt einer Mahlzeit die wichtigste Determinante für die nachfolgende Energieaufnahme ist. Der Faser- und Makronährstoffgehalt scheinen diesbezüglich nur einen modulierenden Effekt zu besitzen.
Schlüsselwörter
Mikrostruktur des Essens Nahrungsfasern Makronährstoffe Mechanismen der Sättigung Müslis MetabolitePreview
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