Climatic factors affecting red meat production

AMES, D.R. (1974): Wind-chill factors for cattle and sheep. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. Agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 68–74.Google Scholar

AMES, D.R. and INSLEY, L.W. (1975): Wind-chill effect for cattle and sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 40: 40–161.Google Scholar

A.S.A.E. (1974): Livestock environment. Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174.Google Scholar

BIANCA, W. (1965): Cattle in a hot environment. J. Dairy Res., 32: 291.Google Scholar

BLAXTER, K.L. (1965): Animal production in adverse environments. J. Univ. Newcastle Upon Tyne. Agric. Soc., 19: 10.Google Scholar

BOND, T.E. (1967): Microclimate and livestock performance in hot climates. In: Ground Level Climatology. R.H.Shaw (ed.). Amer. Ass. Advanc. Sci., Publ. 86.Google Scholar

BOND, T.E. (1974): The influence of environmental factors on nonruminant production. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 241–253.Google Scholar

BOND, T.E., KELLY, C.F. and HEITMAN, H. Jr. (1958): Improving livestock environment in high temperature areas. J. Hered., 49: 75.Google Scholar

BURTON, G.W. (1972): Registration of Coastcross-1 bermudagrass. Crop Sci., 12: 125.Google Scholar

BURTON, G.W., HART, R.H. and LOWREY, R.S. (1967): Improving forage quality in bermudagrass by breeding. Crop Sci., 7: 329.Google Scholar

BUTCHBAKER, A.F., PAINE, M.D. and SHIRLEY, R. (1973): Uses of a beef animal mathematical model to determine environmental requirements. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Paper 73-424.Google Scholar

BUTTS, W.T., KOGER, M., PAHNISH, O.F., BURNS, W.C. and WARWICK, E.J. (1971): Performance of two lines of Hereford cattle in two environments. J. Anim. Sci., 33: 923.Google Scholar

CHRISTOPHERSON, R.J. (1975): Effects of winter temperatures on digestibility in calves and steers. Univ. of Alberta, 54th Ann. Feeders' Day Rep.Google Scholar

F.A.O. (1968): Rep. 2nd Meeting of the F.A.O. Expert Panel on Animal Breeding and Climatology. F.A.O. Rome, Meeting Rep. AN 1968/69.Google Scholar

F.A.O. (1972): Animal husbandry, production and health, fodder production and range management in the Near East and F.A.O.'s policies and plans for promoting the animal industry. Near East Regional Study. F.A.O., Rome.Google Scholar

GWAZDAUSHAS, F.C., WILCOX, C.J. and THATCHER, W.W. (1975): Environmental and management factors affecting conception rate in a subtropical climate. J. Dairy Sci., 58: 88.Google Scholar

HAHN, G.L. (1974): Discussion of environmental effects on ruminant production — rational decisions based on current knowledge. Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Pub. SP-0174. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 232–236.Google Scholar

HAFEZ, E.S.E. (1959): Reproductive capacity of farm animals in relation to climate and nutrition. J. Amer. vet.med. Ass., 135: 606.Google Scholar

HEGG, R.O., LARSON, R.E., MOORE, J.A., MEISKE, J.C. and GOODRICH, R.O. (1974): Five-year beef animal environment study in Minnesota. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 316–323.Google Scholar

HOLMES, C.W. and McLEAN, N.R. (1974): The effect of low ambient temperatures on the energy metabolism of sows. Anim. Prod., 19: 1.Google Scholar

INGRAHAM, R.H. (1974): Discussion on the influence of environmental factors on reproduction of livestock. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 55–61.Google Scholar

INGRAHAM, R.H., GILLETTE, D.D. and WAGNER, W.D. (1974): Relationship of temperature and humidity to conception rate of Holstein cows in subtropical climate. J. Dairy Sci., 57: 476.Google Scholar

ITTNER, N.R., BOND, T.E. and KELLY, C.F. (1958): Methods of increasing beef production in hot climates. Calif. agric. exp. stat. Bull. 761.Google Scholar

JOHNSON, H.D. (1967): Climatic effects on physiology and productivity of cattle. In: Ground Level Climatology. R.H.Shaw (ed.). Amer. Ass. Advanc. Sci., Publ.86.Google Scholar

JOHNSON, W.J. and PEZO, D. (1975): Cell-wall fractions and in vitro digestibility of Peruvian feedstuffs. J. Anim. Sci., 41: 185.Google Scholar

KOGER, M., CUNHA, T.J. and WARNICK, A.C. (1973): Crossbreeding Beef Cattle. Series 2. Univ. Florida Press, Gainesville.Google Scholar

KOGER, M., PEACOCK, F.M., KIRK, W.G. and CROCKETT, J.R. (1975): Heterosis effects on weaning performance of Brahman-Shorthorn calves. J. Anim. Sci., 40: 826.Google Scholar

LOFGREEN, G.P., GIVENS, R.L., MORRISON, S.R. and BOND, T.E. (1975): Effect of cooled drinking water on beef cattle performance. J. Anim. Sci., 40: 223.Google Scholar

McDOWELL, R.E. (1972): Improvement of Livestock Production in Warm Climates. W.H.Freeman and Co., San Francisco.Google Scholar

McDOWELL, R.E. (1974): Effect of environment on the functional efficiency of ruminants. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 220–231.Google Scholar

MILLIGAN, J.D. and CHRISTISON, G.I. (1974): Effects of severe winter conditions on performance of feedlot steers. Canad. J. Anim. Sci., 54: 605.Google Scholar

MORRISON, S.R., GIVENS, R.L. and LOFGREEN, G.P. (1973): Sprinkling cattle for relief from heat stress. J. Anim. Sci., 36: 428.Google Scholar

MORRISON, S.R., LOFGREEN, G.P. and GIVENS, R.L. (1974): Sprinkling cattle for heat stress relief: breed differences and sprinkling interval. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 310–315.Google Scholar

MYRES, A.W. and BOWLAND, J.P. (1973): Effects of environmental temperature and dietary copper on growth and lipid metabolism in pigs. I. Growth, carcass quality and tissue copper levels. Canad. J. Anim. Sci., 53: 115.Google Scholar

OSBURN, D.D. and HAHN, L. (1968): Economics of environmental control for livestock. Canad. J. agric. Econ., 16: 116.Google Scholar

OSBURN, D.D. and HAHN, G.L. (1974): A farm investment model for environmental control and modification for livestock production under weather uncertainties. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 338–345.Google Scholar

PAINE, M.D. and BUTCHBAKER, A.F. (1971): Dynamic modeling of the thermal state in beef animals. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Paper 71-596.Google Scholar

PAINE, M.D., WITZ, J.A., BUTCHBAKER, A.F., BACON, C.M. and McCROSKEY, J.E. (1974): Mathematical simulation of energy metabolism in beef animals. Trans. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, 17: 102.Google Scholar

PETRITZ, D.C. and BROKKEN, R.F. (1974): Economic implications of the effects of climatic stress on shelter alternatives for feedlot cattle. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 346–352.Google Scholar

PHILLIPS, R.W. (1958): The effects of climate on animals and their performance. An Introduction to a Symposium. J. Hered., 49: 47.Google Scholar

PONTIF, J.E., NIPPER, W.A., LOYACANO, A.F. and BRAUD, H.J. (1974): Effects of windbreaks and roofs in winter and shades and fans in summer on feedlot performance of cattle in the South. In: Proc. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 305–309.Google Scholar

ROLLER, W.L. and STOMBAUGH, D.P. (1974): The influence of environmental factors on reproduction of livestock. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 31–50.Google Scholar

SELF, H.L. and HOFFMAN, M.P. (1974): Influence of environment on cattle feeding parameters. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 281–287.Google Scholar

SHAW, R.H. (ed.) (1967): Ground Level Climatology. Amer. Ass. Advanc. Sci., Publ. 86.Google Scholar

STOTT, G.H. (1974): Discussion of the influence of environment factors on reproduction of livestock. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 51–54.Google Scholar

TETER, N.C., DeSHAZER, J.A. and THOMPSON, T.L. (1973): Operational characteristics of meat animals. Part I. Swine. Part II. Beef. Trans. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, 16: 157 and 740.Google Scholar

ULBERG, L.C. (1958): The influence of high temperature on reproduction. J. Hered., 49: 62.Google Scholar

ULBERG, L.C. (1967): Effects of macro- and microenvironment on the biology of mammalian reproduction. In: Ground Level Climatology. R.H.Shaw (ed.). Amer. Ass. Advanc. Sci., Publ. 86.Google Scholar

UTLEY, P.R., HOLLIS, D., CHAPMAN, W.G., MONSON, W.H., MARCHANT, W.H. and McCORMICK, W.C. (1974): Coastcross-1 Bermudagrass, Coastal Bermudagrass and Pensacola Bahiagrass as summer pasture for steers. J. Anim. Sci., 38: 490.Google Scholar

VERSTEGEN, M.W.A. and VAN DER HEL, W. (1974): The effects of temperature and type of floor on metabolic rate and effective critical temperature in groups of growing pigs. Anim. Prod., 18: 1.Google Scholar

WARWICK, E.J. (1958): Effects of high temperatures on growth and fattening in beef cattle, hogs and sheep. J. Hered., 49: 69.Google Scholar

WARWICK, E.J. and BOND, J. (1966): Influence of environment on growth and reproduction of cattle. U.S. Dept Agric. ARS, 44–167.Google Scholar

WESTRA, R. and CHRISTOPHERSON, R.J. (1975): Effect of cold exposure on digestive function in sheep. Univ. Alberta, 54th Ann. Feeders' Day Rep.Google Scholar

WILLIAMS, C.M. (1967): Livestock production in cold climate. In: Ground Level Climatology. R.H.Shaw (ed.). Amer. Ass. Advanc. Sci., Publ. 86.Google Scholar

WILLIAMSON, G. and PAYNE, W.J.A. (1959): An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. Longman's, Green and Co., Ltd., New York.Google Scholar

YOUNG, B.A. and CHRISTOPHERSON, R.J. (1974): Effect of prolonged cold exposure on digestion and metabolism. In: Proc. Int. Livestock Environm. Symp. Amer. Soc. agric. Engrs, Publ. SP-0174: 75–80.Google Scholar