Sozial- und Präventivmedizin

, Volume 42, Issue 2, pp S100–S106 | Cite as

Influenza-Impfstoffe-Bewährtes und Neues

  • Reinhard Glück
Article
  • 31 Downloads

Zusammenfassung

Heutige Grippeimpfstoffe sind vorwiegend inaktivierte Virus-Vakzine. Klassische Vakzinetypen sind entweder sog. Ganzvirus-Vakzine, Splitvirus-Vakzine oder Subunit-Vakzine. In Europa stehen zwei neue Grippeimpfstoffe, basierend auf Influenza-Subunits, vor der Einführung. Ein Produkt wurde in Italien entwickelt und verwendet zusätzlich zu den klassischen Subunit-Antigenen das neue Adjuvans MF59, um die Immunantwort zu erhöhen. Ein weiteres neues Produkt kommt in der Schweiz schon in der Impfsaison 1997/98 zum Einsatz: Hochgereinigte biologisch aktive Influenza-Subunits von den drei empfohlenen Impfstämmen werden an die Oberfläche von Lecithin-Liposomen gebunden.

Current and new influenze vaccines

Summary

Current influenza vaccines in use at present are predominantly inactivated virus vaccines. The vaccines currently in use are designated whole-virus vaccines, split virus vaccines or subunit vaccines. In Europe, two new types of influenza vaccines have reached the commercial introduction. One is produced in Italy and uses the new adjuvant MF59 to enhance the immune response. The other type is produced in Switzerland and uses phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) liposomes as surface antigen carriers.

Influenza vaccins: Classique et nouveautés

Résumé

Les vaccins actuels sont principalement des vaccins viraux inactivés. Les différents types de vaccins classiques sont des vaccins à virus entier, des vaccins à virus fractionné ou des vaccins à subunités. En Europe deux nouveaux vaccins grippaux de types subunité se trouvent devant leur introduction. L'un des deux produits a été développé en Italie; en plus des antigènes subunité classiques le vaccin contient le nouvel adjuvant MF59 destiné à augmenter la réponse immunitaire. L'autre produit sera déjà introduit en Suisse pour la saison vaccinale 1997/98: Des antigènes viraux sous forme de subunité biologiquement active, hautement purifié, provenant des trois souches vaccinales recommandées sont liées à la surface des liposomes de lécithine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Literaturverzeichnis

  1. 1.
    Lamb RA, Krug MR Orthomyxoviridae: The viruses and their replication. Chapter 45. Fields Virology, Third Edition. Ed. B. N. Fields, D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howley et al. Philadelphia: Lipincott-Raven Publishers, 1996: 1353–1395.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Murphy BR, Webster RG. Orthomyxoviruses. Chapter 46. Fields Virology, Third Edition. Ed. B. N. Fields, D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howley et al. Philadelphia: Lipincott-Raven Publishers, 1996: 1397–1445.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Six HR, Webster RG, Kendal AP, Glezen WP, Griffis C, Couch RB. Antigenic analysis of H1N1 viruses isolated in the Houstan metropolitan area during four successive seasons. Infect Immun 1983;42: 433–458.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Kawaoka Y, Krauss S, Webster RG. Avian-to-human transmission of the PB1 gene of influenza A virus in the 1957 and 1968 pandemics. J Virol 1989;63: 4603–4608.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Gill PW, Murphy AM. Naturally acquired immunity to influenza type A. Lessons from two coexisting subtypes. Med J Aust 1985;142: 94–98.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Frank AL, Taber LH, Glezen WP, Paredes A, Couch RB Reinfection with influenza A (H3N2) virus in young children and their families. J Infect Dis 1979;140:829–836.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Epstein SL, Misplan JA, Laswon CM, Subbarao EK, Connors M, Murphy BR. β2-microglubin-deficient mice can be protected against influenza A infection by vaccination with vaccinia-influenza recombinants expressing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. J Immunol 1993;150: 5484–5493.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    Askomas BA, McMichael AJ, Webster RG. The immune response to influenza viruses and the problem of protection against infection. In: Beare AS ed. Basic and applied influenza research. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC Press, 1982: 159–188.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Clements ML, Betts RF, Tierney EL, Murphy BP Serum and nasal wash antibodies associated with resistance to experimental challenge with influenza A wild type virus. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24: 157–160.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Murphy BR, Kasel JA, Chanok RM. Association of serum antineuraminidase antibody with resistance to influenza in man. N Engl J Med 1972;286: 1329–1332.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Lightman S, Cobbold S, Waldmann H, Askonas BA. Do L3T4+T cells act as effector cells in protection against influenza virus infection. Immunology 1987;62: 139–144.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    McMichael AJ, Gotch FM, Noble GR, Beare PAS. Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza. N Engl J Med 1983;309: 13–17.Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Martin T, Gasparini R, De Donato S, Ambrozaitis A, Schwarz J et al. Enhanced immunogenicity of Chiron Biocine adjuvanted influenza vaccine in the elderly. Abstract W12-5, for “Options for the Control of Influenza III”, Cairns, Australia, 4–9 May 1996.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Glück R, Mischler R, Finkel B, Que JU, Scarpa B, Cryz SJ Jr Immunogenicity of new virosome influenza vaccine in elderly people. Lancet 1994:344: 160–163.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Saurwein-Teissl M, Steger MM, Glück R, Cryz S, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. In vitro studies on the stimulatory effects of a new virosome influenza vaccine on T cells from young and old healthy individuals. Abstract for Symposium of Oesterr. Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie, Vienna November 21–23, 1996.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Glück R. Humoral, mucosal and systemic immunization using immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virosomes (IRIV) based vaccines. Abstract W12-2, for “Options for the Control of Influenza III”, Cairns, Australia, 4–9 May 1996.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Bengtsson KL, Sjölander A Adjuvant activity of iscoms; effect of ratio and co-incorporation of antigen and adjuvant. Vaccine 1996;14: 753–760.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Wood J, Coombes AGA, Major D, Minor PD, Davis SS. Polyactide microparticles as adjuvants for parenteral delivery of influenza vaccine. Abstract W12-1, for “Options for the Control of Influenza III”, Cairns, Australia, 4–9 May 1996.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Ahmed A'EH, Nicholson KG, Nguyen-Van Tam JS Reduction in mortality associated with influenza vaccine during 1989–1990 epidemic. Lancet 1995;346: 591–595.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Nichol KL, Margolis KL, Wuorenma J, Von Sternberg T The efficacy and cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1994;331: 778–784.Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Nichol KL, Lind A, Margolis M, McFadden R. et al. The effectiveness of vaccination against influenza in healthy, working adults. N Engl J Med 1995;333: 889–893.Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Nicholson KG, Snachem R, Palache AM. Influenza immunization policies in Europe and the United States. Vaccine 1995;13: 365–368.Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    McElhaney JE. Antibody response to whole-virus and split-virus influenza vaccines in successful ageing. Vaccine 1993;11: 1055–1060.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Zei T. Immunogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccines (1989–1990 winter season) in volunteers of different groups of age. Vaccine 1991;9: 613–617.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Birkhäuser Verlag 1997

Authors and Affiliations

  • Reinhard Glück
    • 1
  1. 1.Schweiz. Serum- & Impfinstitut BernBern

Personalised recommendations