Protoplasma

, Volume 96, Issue 1–2, pp 157–172 | Cite as

An ultrastructural study of the fusion of cultured amphibian cells with higher plant protoplasts

  • M. R. Davey
  • R. H. Clothier
  • M. Balls
  • E. C. Cocking
Article
Received:
Accepted:

Summary

CulturedXenopus cells have been induced to fuse with carrot suspension cell protoplasts using PEG at high pH in the presence of high Ca2+. Ultrastructural observations confirm unambiguously that the fusion bodies seen by light microscopy are animal/plant cell heterokaryons. The csytoplasmic events occurring in theseXenopus/carrot fusion products during the first 48 hours of culture provide evidence for their viability. Some of the factors influencing the formation and subsequent survivalin vitro of interkingdom heterokaryons are discussed.

Keywords

Suspension Cell Light Microscopy Ultrastructural Study Fusion Product Ultrastructural Observation 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ahkong, Q. F., Fisher, D., Tampion, W., Lucy, J. A., 1975 a: Mechanisms of cell fusion. Nature253, 194–195.Google Scholar
  2. Ahkong, Q. F., Howell, J. I., Lucy, J. A., Safwat, F., Davey, M. R., Cocking, E. C., 1975 b: Fusion of hen erythrocytes with yeast protoplasts induced by polyethylene glycol. Nature255, 66–67.Google Scholar
  3. Balls, M., Godsell, P. M., 1972: Animal cells in culture—methods for use in schools. J. Biol. Educat.6, 17–22.Google Scholar
  4. —,Worley, R. S., 1973: Amphibian cellsin vitro. II. Effects of variations in medium osmolarity on a permanent cell line isolated fromXenopus. Exp. Cell Res.76, 333–336.Google Scholar
  5. Burgess, J., Fleming, E. N., 1974: Ultrastructural study of the aggregation and fusion of plant protoplasts. Planta118, 183–193.Google Scholar
  6. Davey, M. R., Cocking, E. C., 1978: Tissue and cell cultures and bacterial nitrogen fixation. In: Recent advances in biological nitrogen fixation (Subba Rao, N. S., ed.). New Delhi: M/S Oxford and International Book House (in press).Google Scholar
  7. —,Power, J. B., 1975: Polyethylene glycol-induced uptake of micro-organisms into higher plant protoplasts: an ultrastructural study. Plant Sci. Lett.5, 269–274.Google Scholar
  8. —,Short, K. C., 1972: Spherical bodies in the cytoplasm ofCentaurea cyanus L. (Cornflower) cells. Protoplasma75, 199–203.Google Scholar
  9. Davidson, R. L., Gerald, P. S., 1976: Improved techniques for the induction of mammalian cell hybridisation by polyethylene glycol. Somatic Cell Genet.2, 165–176.Google Scholar
  10. —,O'Malley, K. A., Wheeler, T. B., 1976: Polyethylene glycol-induced mammalian cell hybridisation: Effect of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and concentration. Somatic Cell Genet.2, 271–280.Google Scholar
  11. Dudits, D., Rasko, I., Hadlaczky, Gy., Lima-de-Faria, A., 1976: Fusion of human cells with carrot protoplasts induced by polyethylene glycol. Hereditas82, 121–124.Google Scholar
  12. Fowke, L. C., Rennie, P. J., Kirkpatrick, J. W., Constabel, F., 1975: Ultrastructural characteristics of intergeneric protoplast fusion. Canad. J. Bot.53, 272–278.Google Scholar
  13. Gamborg, O. L., Miller, R. A., Ojima, K., 1968: Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res.50, 151–158.Google Scholar
  14. Hales, A., 1977: A procedure for the fusion of cells in suspension by means of polyethylene glycol. Somatic Cell Genet.3, 227–230.Google Scholar
  15. Hartmann, J. X., Galla, J. D., Emma, D. A., Kao, K. N., Gamborg, O. L., 1976: The fusion of erythrocytes by treatment with proteolytic enzymes and polyethylene glycol. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol.18, 503–512.Google Scholar
  16. Jones, C. W., Mastrangelo, I. A., Smith, H. H., Liu, H. Z., Meck, R. A., 1975: Interkingdon fusion between human (HeLa) cells and tobacco hybrid (GGLL) protoplasts. Science193, 401–403.Google Scholar
  17. Kao, K. N., Michayluk, M. R., 1974: A method for high-frequency intergeneric fusion of plant protoplasts. Planta115, 355–367.Google Scholar
  18. —,Constabel, F., Michayluk, M. R., Gamborg, O. L., 1974: Plant protoplast fusion and growth of intergeneric hybrid cells. Planta120, 215–227.Google Scholar
  19. Keller, W. A., Melchers, G., 1973: The effect of high pH and calcium on tobacco leaf protoplast fusion. Z. Naturforsch.28, 737–741.Google Scholar
  20. Lima-de-Faria, A., Eriksson, T., Kjellén, L., 1977: Fusion of human cells withHaplopappus protoplasts by means of Sendai virus. Hereditas87, 57–66.Google Scholar
  21. Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962: A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant.15, 473–497.Google Scholar
  22. O'Malley, K. A., Davidson, R. L., 1977: A new dimension in suspension fusion techniques with polyethylene glycol. Somatic Cell Genet.3, 441–448.Google Scholar
  23. Pontecorvo, G., 1975: Production of mammalian somatic cell hybrids by means of polyethylene glycol treatment. Somatic Cell Genet.1, 397–400.Google Scholar
  24. Power, J. B., Frearson, E. M., Hayward, C., George, D., Evans, P. K., Berry, S. F., Cocking, E. C., 1976: Somatic hybridisation ofPetunia hybrida andP. parodii. Nature263, 500–502.Google Scholar
  25. Wallin, A., Glimelius, K., Eriksson, T., 1974: The induction of aggregation and fusion ofDaucus carota protoplasts by polyethylene glycol. Z. Pflanzenphysiol.74, 64–80.Google Scholar
  26. Willis, G. E., Hartmann, J. X., de Lamater, E. D., 1977: Electron microscopic study of plant-animal cell fusion. Protoplasma91, 1–14.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 1978

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. R. Davey
    • 1
  • R. H. Clothier
    • 2
  • M. Balls
    • 2
  • E. C. Cocking
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of BotanyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
  2. 2.Department of Human MorphologyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK

Personalised recommendations