Journal of Materials Science

, Volume 23, Issue 2, pp 729–735 | Cite as

Environmental degradation of the electrical and thermal properties of organic insulating materials

  • A. Apicella
  • L. Egiziano
  • L. Nicolais
  • V. Tucci
Article
Received:
Accepted:

Abstract

The sorption behaviour of water molecules in epoxy-based thermosetting networks is discussed and related to the modifications of the polymer properties. The hypothesized sorption modes and the corresponding mechanisms of plasticization are discussed on the basis of experimental liquid-sorption tests, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and electrical analyses. Two modes of moisture sorption are assumed: a sorption leading to an increase in the free volume of the system, and adsorption of the water molecules due to hydrogen bonding to hydrophilic groups present in the network and to the surfaces of “holes” which make up the excess free volume of the glassy polymer. Electrical investigation improved the understanding of the hygrothermal ageing phenomena. Water conditioning of the composites modified the surface and bulk resistivities as a consequence of microstructural damage and plasticization.

Keywords

Polymer Hydrogen Bonding Water Molecule Differential Scanning Calorimetry Thermal Property 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    C. E. Browing,Polym. Eng. Sci. 18 (1978) 16.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    R. J. Morgan, E. T. Mones andW. J. Steele,Polymer 20 (1982) 315.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    R. J. Morgan andJ. O'Neal,J. Mater. Sci. 12 (1977) 1966.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    A. Apicella andL. Nicolais,Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 20 (1981) 13.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Chi-Hung andG. S. Springer,J. Compos. Mater. 10 (1976) 2.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    A. Apicella andL. Nicolais,Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 23 (1984) 288.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    A. C. Loss andG. S. Springer,J. Compos. Mater. 13 (1979) 17.Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    G. A. Pogany,Polymer 17 (1976) 690.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    E. L. McKague, J. E. Halkias andJ. D. Reinolds,J. Compos. Mater. 9 (1975) 2.Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    A. Apicella, L. Nicolais, G. Astarita andE. Drioli,Polymer 20 (1979) 9.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    A. Apicella, L. Nicolais, C. Carfagna, C. De Notaristefani andC. Voto, 27th National SAMPE Meeting on “Material Overview for 1982”, San Diego, USA (1982).Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    A. Apicella, L. Nicolais andJ. C. Halpin, 28th National SAMPE Meeting, on “Materials and Process Continuing Innovations”, Anheim, USA (1983).Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    A. Apicella, in “Development of reinforced plastics-5”, edited by G. Pritchard (Applied Science, 1986).Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    J. K. Gillham,Polym. Eng. Sci. 19 (1979) 676.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    A. F. Lewis, M. J. Doyle andJ. K. Gillham,Polym. Eng. Sci. 19 (1979) 687.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    J. Mijovic andL. Tsai,Polymer 22 (1981) 902.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    J. A. Barrie, P. S. Sagoo andP. Johncock,J. Memb. Sci. 8 (1984) 197.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Idem, Polymer 26 (1985) 1167.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    J. Mijovic andS. A. Weinstein,Polym. Commun. 26 (1985) 237.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    M. K. Antoon, J. L. Koenig andT. Serafini,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Edn 19 (1981) 1567.Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    R. J. Morgan, J. O'Neal andD. B. Miller,J. Mater. Sci. 14 (1979) 109.Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    P. Moy andF. E. Karasz,Polym. Eng. Sci. 20 (1980) 315.Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    L. Banks andB. Ellis,Polym. Bull. 1 (1979) 377.Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    M. K. Antoon, J. L. Koenig andT. Serafini,J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Edn 19 (1981) 1567.Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    F. N. Kelly andF. Bueche,J. Polym. Sci. 50 (1961) 549.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    T. S. Ellis, F. E. Karasz andG. Ten Brinke,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 28 (1983) 23.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    G. Ten Brinke, F. E. Karasz andT. S. Ellis,Macromol. 16 (1983) 244.Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    P. Peyser andW. D. Bascom,J. Mater. Sci. 16 (1981) 75.Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    R. J. Morgan andJ. E. O'Neal,Polym.-Plast. Tech. Engng 10 (1978) 49.Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    E. L. McKague, J. D. Reynolds andJ. Halkais,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 22 (1978) 1643.Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    A. Apicella, L. Nicolais andC. De Cataldis,Adv. Polym. Sci. 66 (1985) 189.Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    Idem, J. Memb. Sci. 18 (1984) 211.Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    A. Apicella, L. Nicolais, G. Astarita andE. Drioli,Polymer 22 (1981) 1064.Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Idem, Polym. Eng. Sci. 21 (1981) 18.Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    C. Carfagna andA. Apicella,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 28 (1983) 2881.Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    R. Delasi andJ. B. Whitside, ASTM STP 658, edited by J. R. Vinson (American Society for Testing and Materials, Pennsylvania, 1978) p. 2.Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    B. H. Zimm andJ. Lundenberg,J. Chem. Wash. 60 (1956) 425.Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    W. J. Mikols, J. C. Seferis, A. Apicella andL. Nicolais,Polym. Compos. 3 (1982) 118.Google Scholar
  39. 39.
    C. Carfagna, A. Apicella andL. Nicolais,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 27 (1982) 105.Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    A. S. Michaels, R. H. Vieth andJ. A. Barrie,J. Appl. Phys. 24 (1963) 1.Google Scholar
  41. 41.
    P. Meares,Trans. Faraday Soc. 53 (1957) 101.Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    R. H. Vieth, J. H. Howell andJ. H. Hoseih,J. Memb. Sci. 1 (1977) 177.Google Scholar
  43. 43.
    T. S. Ellis andF. E. Karasz,Polymer 25 (1984) 664.Google Scholar
  44. 44.
    G. P. Johari,Philos. Mag. 35 (1977) 1077.Google Scholar
  45. 45.
    J. D. Keenan, J. C. Seferis andJ. T. Quinlivan,J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 24 (1979) 2375.Google Scholar
  46. 46.
    S. Apicella, L. Nicolais, J. K. Mikols andJ. C. Seferis, in “Interrelations between processing structure and properties of polymeric materials”, edited by J. C. Seferis and P. S. Theocaris (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1984) p. 629.Google Scholar
  47. 47.
    J. Crank, “The mathematics of diffusion” (Oxford University Press, 1975).Google Scholar
  48. 48.
    R. Bozzo, L. Centurioni, G. Coletti,G. Motori andF. Sandrolini, Conference Record of 1984 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Montreal, 11–13 June (1984).Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Chapman and Hall Ltd. 1988

Authors and Affiliations

  • A. Apicella
    • 1
  • L. Egiziano
    • 1
    • 2
  • L. Nicolais
    • 1
  • V. Tucci
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of Materials and Production EngineeringUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly
  2. 2.Electric Department for the EnergyUniversity of NaplesNaplesItaly

Personalised recommendations