Mechanism of fracture of short glass fibre-reinforced polyamide thermoplastic

Abstract

The mechanism of fracture of short glass fibre-reinforced polyamide 6.6 thermoplastic was studied by means of optical and electron microscopy and acoustic emission methods. It was found that there were three stages in the failure, i.e. initiation of the interfacial cracks at fibre ends, propagation of the interfacial cracks along fibre sides, and propagation of the crack into the matrix leading to the failure of the composite. On the fracture surface, fibres were almost pulled-out from the matrix, not broken. The close correspondence between the crack initiation and propagation and the amplitude of AE signals was observed. The AE signals of lower amplitude occurring under a relatively low stress were considered to be made in association with the initiation and propagation of the interfacial cracks. The AE signals of higher amplitude observed prior to the failure of the composite were considered to be made in association with the occurrence of the matrix cracks. Furthermore, in order to analyse the effect of the stress state in the composite on crack occurrence and propagation, the stress levels in matrix, fibre and interface were estimated for the composite stressed to the failure stress. The calculation was based on the equivalent inclusion method proposed by Eshelby and on an assumption of a perfect bond between the matrix and the fibres. The result was found to be consistent with the mechanism of the fracture, the occurrence of the interfacial cracking in the initial stage and the matrix cracking in the final one.