Die polynären Thermodiffusionskoeffizienten von Gasgemischen
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Zusammenfassung
Für die polynären ThermodiffusionskoeffizientenD i T von Mehrkomponentengemischen aus einatomigen Gasen geringer Dichte wird eine im Sinne der ersten Chapman-Enskog-Approximation exakte Gleichung abgeleitet. Im Gegensatz zu dem vonHirschfelder et al. angegebenen Ausdruck besitzt die neue Formel eine einfache mathematische Form, die die Thermodiffusion in einem binären Gemisch als Grenzfall beschreibt. DieD i T werden mit den polynären Thermodiffusionsfaktoren verknüpft. Weiterhin wird angegeben, wie die neue Formel auch für Gemische aus mehratomigen Gasen verwendet werden kann. Als Beispiel werden dieD i T von dissoziierter Luft, die als Fünf-Komponenten-Gemisch behandelt wird, ermittelt. Abschließend wird gezeigt, daß die Berechnung derD i T durch die Verwendung genauer Näherungsbeziehungen für die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Mehrkomponentengemischen erheblich vereinfacht werden kann.
Bezeichnungen
- D
binärer Diffusionskoeffizient
- DT
polynärer Thermodiffusionskoeffizient
- j
Diffusionsstromvektor
- m
Molekülmasse
- M
Molmasse
- n
Teilchendichte
- p
statischer Druck
- P
Drucktensor
- q
Energiestromvektor
- T
absolute Temperatur
- V
Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit
- x
Molenbruch
- α
polynärer Thermodiffusionsfaktor
- η
Zähigkeit
- λ
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
- ϱ
Massendichte
The multicomponent thermal diffusion coefficients of gas mixtures
Abstract
For low density mixtures of monatomic gases, an equation is derived for the multicomponent thermal diffusion coefficientsD i T . The equation is exact in the meaning of the first Chapman-Enskog-approximation. In contrast to the well-known Hirschfelder-expression for theD i T , the new formula has a simple mathematical structure which does not fail to be reduced to the proper form for a binary mixture. A relation between theD i T and the multicomponent thermal diffusion factors is presented. Moreover the equation is justified for the evaluation of theD i T of polyatomic, multicomponent mixtures. As an example, theD i T are calculated for dissociated equilibrium air as a five-component system. Finally, it is demonstrated that by use of accurate approximations known for multicomponent heat conductivity coefficients, a more readily tractable form of the new equation can be obtained for computational purposes.
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