Qualitas Plantarum

, Volume 24, Issue 1–2, pp 37–54 | Cite as

Some biogenetic conclusions from changes in the amount and composition of skin wax of apples during their growth and storage

  • Ch. P. Ivanov
  • M. S. Dodova-Anghelova
Article
  • 27 Downloads

Abstract

Quantitative and qualitative changes in the chief wax components, isolated from Bulgarian apples (Tetovka variety) were followed up during the period of growth and storage (from August 1st to January 2nd, the following year).

After saponification of the soluble in light petroleum wax part, the samples were separated into neutral and acid substances. By means of gas-liquid chromatography of the methyl esters of the isolated acids, the qualitative composition and quantitative content of the individual components in the mixture were established. Using preparative thin-layer chromatography, hydrocarbons, ketones, secondary and primary alcohols were isolated from the neutral part. The individual qualitative and quantitative composition of all these compounds were also estimated by gas-liquid chromatography.

On the basis of the results obtained the following biogenetic conclusions were made: 1. The constituents of soluble wax and cutin originate from lipids synthesized in the interior part of the fruit. 2. Paraffin hydrocarbons are formed by fatty acid, especially the C29 hydrocarbon is derived from the C16 acid; 3. Olefines are obtained from respective primary and secondary alcohols, while the diols are derived from primary alcohols; 4. Paraffin hydrocarbons, secondary alcohols and ketones are biogenetically linked and may undergo mutual transformations.

Keywords

Diol Primary Alcohol Secondary Alcohol Paraffin Hydrocarbon Neutral Part 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Zusammenfassung

Quantitative und qualitative Veränderungen in den Hauptkomponenten des Wachses, isoliert aus der bulgarischen Apfelsorte ‘Tetowka’, wurden während des Wachstums und der Lagerung der Früchte (vom 1. August bis zum 2. Januar des folgenden Jahres) verfolgt. Nach Verseifung des im Petroläther löslichen Teils des Wachses wurden die Proben in neutrale und saure Substanzen getrennt.

Durch Gaschromatographie der Methylester der isolierten Säuren wurde die qualitative Zusammensetzung des Gemisches und der quantitative Gehalt der einzelnen Komponenten bestimmt. Die neutrale Fraktion wurde mit Hilfe der präparativen Dünnschichtchromatographie in Kohlenwasserstoffe, Ketone, primäre und sekundäre Alkohole getrennt und anschließend die verschiedenen Stoffgruppen ebenfalls gaschromatographisch bestimmt.

Aus den Ergebnissen werden folgende biogenetische Schlüsse gezogen:
  1. 1.

    Die Komponenten des löslichen Wachses und des Kutins stammen von den im Inneren der Frucht synthetisierten Lipiden;

     
  2. 2.

    Die Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe entstehen aus Fettsäuren, speziell dem C29-Kohlenwasserstoff, der sich aus der C16-Säure bildet;

     
  3. 3.

    Die Olefine entstehen aus den jeweiligen primären und sekundären Alkoholen, während die Diole sich aus den primären Alkoholen bilden;

     
  4. 4.

    Die Paraffinkohlenwasserstoffe, die sekundären Alkohole und die Ketone stehen im biogenetischen Zusammenhang und erleiden wechselseitige Umwandlungen.

     

Résumé

On a suivi les changements quantitatifs et qualitatifs des constituants principaux de la cire isolée de la pelure des pommes de la variété bulgare ‘Tétovka’ au cours de leur croissance et pendant leur conservation (du ler août au 2 janvier l'année suivante). Après saponification de cette partie de la cire qui est soluble dans l'éther de pétrole, les échantillons sont divisés en matières neutres et acides. Par chromatographie en phase gazeuse des esters méthyliques des acides isolés, on a établi la composition qualitative et le contenu quantitatif des différents constituants du mélange. Par chromatographie préparative sur couche mince, de la partie neutre on a isolé des hydrocarbures, des cétones, des alcools secondaires et primaires. La composition qualitative et quantitative individuelle de tous ces composés a été également identifiée à l'aide de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse.

A la suite des résultats obtenus, on est arrivé aux conclusions biogénétiques suivantes: 1. Les constituantes de la cire soluble et de la cutine proviennent des lipides synthétisés à l'intérieur du fruit; 2. Les hydrocarbures paraffiniques sont formés des acides gras, et plus spécialement, l'hydrocarbures C29 provient de l'acide C16; 3. Les. oléfines sont obtenus à partir des alcools primaires et secondaires respectifs, tandis que les diols se forment à partir des alcools primaires; 4. Les hydrocarbures paraffiniques, les alcools secondaires et les cétones se trouvent en corrélation biogénétique et subissent des transmutations réciproques.

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Copyright information

© Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers 1974

Authors and Affiliations

  • Ch. P. Ivanov
    • 1
  • M. S. Dodova-Anghelova
    • 1
  1. 1.Dept. of Organic ChemistryHigher Institute of Chemical TechnologySofia 56Bulgaria

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