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The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the amino acid composition and nutritive value of cereals

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Abstract

A range of samples embracing 14 varieties from different localities within the United Kingdom, many grown with the application of different known levels of nitrogenous fertilizer, were submitted to proximate analysis, some analysed for total amino acid composition and some evaluated nutritionally in near-practical dietary mixtures with various protein concentrates.

Location of growth was found to be more important than level of nitrogen application in determining the protein content of the harvested grain. Small differences in amino acid composition were noted, and there appeared to be a progressive decline in lysine content with increasing nitrogen level in the seed.

Significant differences in nutritive value between the barleys were detectable in mixtures of each with protein concentrates, and in general discrimination between them was better if the accompanying concentrate was of poor quality e.g. groundnut. With fish meal differences between the barleys were well marked. The differences found were real and reproducible, and the results indicated that particular barleys differed in their ability to complement soya bean or groundnut.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurden Proben von 14 Getreidesorten untersucht, von verschiedenen Standorten Großbritanniens, die zumeist mit verschieden hohen Stickstoffgaben gedüngt waren. Die Untersuchung der Proben bezog sich teils auf die Gesamt-Aminosäuren und teils auf den ernährungsphysiologischen Wert der Proben in praxisnahen Diät-Mischungen mit verschiedenen Protein-Konzentraten.

Der Protein-Gehalt des geernteten Getreides ist stärker vom Standort abhängig als von der Höhe der Stickstoffdüngung. Es wurden geringe Unterschiede in der Aminosäuren-Zusammensetzung festgestellt, und es scheint, daß bei fortschreitender Zunahme des Stickstoffgehaltes in den Getreidekörnern der Lysingehalt abnimmt.

Signifikante Unterschiede im ernährungsphysiologischen Wert verschiedener Gerstensorten waren in Mischungen jeder einzelnen mit Proteinkonzentraten nachweisbar, wobei die Unterschiede im allgemeinen deutlicher wurden, wenn die zugemischten Konzentrate von geringerer Qualität waren, z.B. Erdnuß. Mit Fischmehl versetzt traten die Unterschiede zwischen den Gerstensorten weniger deutlich hervor. Die gefundenen Werte waren reproduzierbar, und die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß insbesondere die Gerstensorten, in ihrem Ergänzungswert für Sojabohne oder Erdnuß differieren.

Résumé

14 lots de céréales, provenant de diverses stations de Grande Bretagne, et soumis à des taux différents de fumures azotées, ont été étudiés. Chaque lot était analysé au point de vue du taux d'aminoacides, et au point de vue nutritionnel, dans des mélanges analogues à ceux de la pratique, à des taux protéiques variés.

Le taux de protéines d'une céréale dépend davantage de la station, que du taux de fumure. De faibles différences dans les taux d'aminoacides ont été observés; il semble que le taux de lysine décroisse lorsque croit le taux d'azote du grain.

Des différences significatives dans la valeur nutritionnelle de diverses variétés d'orges apparurent, dans des mélanges de ces variétés avec des concentrés de protéines, ces différences étaient plus nettes avec des concentrés de plus médiocre qualité, par exemple formé de tourteau d'arachide. Les formés de poison ne furent pas apparaitre aussi nettement les différences parmi diverses qualité d'orges. Les résultats sont bien reproductibles, la conclusion en est que les variétés d'orges n'ont pas toute la même valeur comme supplément du tourteau de soya ou d'arachide.

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Woodham, A.A. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the amino acid composition and nutritive value of cereals. Plant Food Hum Nutr 23, 281–291 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01092258

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