Journal of Insect Behavior

, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp 487–503 | Cite as

Manipulation of oviposition patterns of the parasitoidCyzenis albicans (Tachinidae) in the field using plant extracts

  • Jens Roland
  • W. G. Evans
  • Judith H. Myers
Article

Abstract

We examine the oviposition behavior of the parasitic fly Cyzenis albicans(Fall.) to determine if long-distance or contact chemical cues given off by damaged oak and apple foliage influences the attack of their host the winter moth Operophtera brumata(L.). Wind-tunnel experiments indicate the presence of an attractive odor in oak leaves and the absence of an attractant in apple leaves. The application of oak foliage extracts to apple trees increased the number of parasitoid eggs laid and the level of parasitism of winter moths in the field. The impact of altered host-seeking behavior by the parastoid is discussed in the context of the population ecology of its host.

Key words

synomones parasitoid search aggregation plant chemicals Tachinidae winter moth 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alam, M. M., Bennett, F. D., and Carl, K. (1971). Biological control ofDiatraea saccharalis (F.) in Barbados byApanteles flavipes Cam. andLixophaga diatraeae T.Entomophaga 16: 151–158.Google Scholar
  2. Altieri, M. A., Lewis, W. J., Nordlund, D. A., Guelder, R. C., and Todd, J. W. (1981). Chemical interactions between plants andTrichogramma wasps in Georgia soybean fields.Protect. Ecol. 3: 259–263.Google Scholar
  3. Askew, R. R. (1968).Parasitic Insects, American Elsevier, New York.Google Scholar
  4. Embree, D. G. (1965). The population dynamics of the winter moth in Nova Scotia, 1954–1962.Mem. Entomol. Soc. Can. 46: 1–57.Google Scholar
  5. Embree, D. G. (1966). The role of introduced parasites in the control of the winter moth in Nova Scotia.Can. Entomol. 98: 1159–1168.Google Scholar
  6. Embree, D. G., and Sisojevic, P. (1965). The bionomics and population density ofCyzenis albicans (Fall.) (Tachinidae; Diptera) in Nova Scotia.Can. Entomol. 97: 631–639.Google Scholar
  7. Embree, D. G., and Otvos, I. S. (1984).Operophtera brumata (L.), winter moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). In Kelleher, J. S., and Hulme, M. A. (eds.),Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada 1969–1980, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Slough, pp. 353–357.Google Scholar
  8. Evans, W. G. (1984). Odor-mediated responses ofBembidion obtusidens (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a wind tunnel.Can. Entomol. 116: 1653–1658.Google Scholar
  9. Gillespie, D. G., Finlayson, T., Tonks, N. V., and Ross, D. A. (1978). Occurrence of the winter mothOperophtera brumata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia.Can. Entomol. 110: 223–224.Google Scholar
  10. Gross, H. R., Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L., and Nordlund, D. A. (1975). Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. III. Stimulation ofTrichogramma achaeae, T. pretiosum, andMicroplitis croceipes with host-seeking stimuli at time of release to improve their efficiency.J. Chem. Ecol. 1: 431–438.Google Scholar
  11. Hassell, M. P. (1968). The behavioural response of a tachinid fly (Cyzenis albicans (Fall.)) to its host, the winter moth (Operophtera brumata (L)).J. Anim. Ecol. 37: 627–639.Google Scholar
  12. Hassell, M. P. (1980). Foraging strategies, population models and biological control: A case study.J. Anim. Ecol. 49: 603–628.Google Scholar
  13. Hassell, M. P., and May, R. M. (1974). Aggregation in predators and insect parasites and its effect on stability.J. Anim. Ecol. 43: 567–594.Google Scholar
  14. Herrebout, W. M., and van der Veer, J. (1969). Habitat selection inEucarcelia rutilla Vill. (Diptera: Tachinidae). III. Preliminary results of olfactometer experiments with females of known age.Z. Angew. Entomol. 64: 55–61.Google Scholar
  15. Lewis, W. G., Jones, R. L., and Sparks, A. N. (1972). A host-seeking stimulant for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens; its source and demonstration of its laboratory and field activity.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 65: 1087–1089.Google Scholar
  16. Lewis, W. G., Jones, R. L., Nordlund, D. A., and Gross, H. R. (1975a). Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. I. Evaluation for increasing rate parasitism byTrichogramma spp. in the field.J. Chem. Ecol. 1: 343–347.Google Scholar
  17. Lewis, W. G., Jones, R. L., Nordlund, D. A., and Gross, H. R. (1975b). Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. II. Mechanisms causing increase in rate of parasitization byTrichogramma spp.J. Chem. Ecol. 1: 349–360.Google Scholar
  18. MacPhee, A. W., Newton, A., and McRae, K. B. (1988). Population studies on the winter mothOperophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in apple orchards in Nova Scotia.Can. Entomol. 120: 73–83.Google Scholar
  19. Monteith, L. G. (1955). Host preferences ofDrino bohemica Mesn. (Diptera: Tachinidae) with particular reference to olfactory responses.Can. Entomol. 87: 509–530.Google Scholar
  20. Neilson, M. M., and Morris, R. F. (1964). The regulation of European spruce sawfly numbers in the Maritime Provinces of Canada from 1937 to 1963.Can. Entomol. 96: 773–784.Google Scholar
  21. Nettles, W. C. (1979).Eucelatoria sp. females: Factors influencing response to cotton and okra plants.Environ Entomol. 8: 619–623.Google Scholar
  22. Nettles, W. C. (1980). AdultEucelatoria sp.: Response to volatiles from cotton and okra plants and from larvae ofHeliothis virescens, Spodoptera eridania, andEstigmene acrea.Environ. Entomol. 9: 759–763.Google Scholar
  23. Nettles, W. C. (1981). Effect of water deprivation and subsequent exposure to water on the response ofEucelatoria sp. to okra volatiles and to water vapour.Environ. Entomol. 10: 111–113.Google Scholar
  24. Nettles, W. C. (1982). Contact stimulants fromHeliothis virescens that influence the behaviour of females of the tachinid,Eucelatoria bryani.J. Chem. Ecol. 8: 1183–1191.Google Scholar
  25. Nordlund, D. A., Chalfant, R. B., and Lewis, W. J. (1985). Response toTrichogramma pretiosum females to volatile synomones from tomato plants.J. Entomol. Sci. 20: 372–376.Google Scholar
  26. Odell, T. M., and Godwin, P. A. (1984). Host selection byBlepharipa pratensis (Meigen), a tachinid parasite of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar L.J. Chem. Ecol. 10: 311–320.Google Scholar
  27. Price, P. W. (1975).Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites, Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
  28. Price, P. W., Bouton, C. E., Gross, P., McPheron, B. A., Thompson, J. N., and Weis, A. E. (1980). Interaction among three trophic levels: Influence of plants on interactions between insect herbivores and natural enemies.Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 41–65.Google Scholar
  29. Roland, J. (1986). Parasitism of winter moth in British Columbia during build-up of its parasitoidCyzenis albicans: Attack rate on oakv. apple.J. Anim. Ecol. 55: 215–234.Google Scholar
  30. Roland, J. (1988). Decline of winter moth populations in North America: Directv. indirect effect of introduced parasites.J. Anim. Ecol. 57: 523–532.Google Scholar
  31. Roland, J. and Myers, J. H. (1987). Improved insect performance from host-plant defoliation: Winter moth on oak and apple.Ecol. Entomol. 12: 409–414.Google Scholar
  32. Siegel, S. (1956).Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
  33. Thompson, A. C., Roth, J. P., and King, E. G. (1983). Larviposition kairomone of the tachinidLixophaga diatraeae. Environ. Entomol.12: 1312–1314.Google Scholar
  34. Varley, W. G. (1971). The effects of natural predators and parasites on winter moth populations in England.Proc. Tall. Timbers Conf. Ecol. Anim. Control Habitat Manage., No. 2, Tallahasee, Fla., pp. 103–116.Google Scholar
  35. Vinson, S. B. (1984). Parasitoid-host relationships. In Bell, W. J., and Carde, R. T. (eds.),Chemical Ecology of Insects, Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass., pp. 205–233.Google Scholar
  36. Weseloh, R. M. (1981). Host location by parasitoids. In Nordlund, D. A., Jones, R. L., and Lewis, W. J. (eds.),Semiochemicals: Their Role in Pest Control. Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 79–95.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Plenum Publishing Corporation 1989

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jens Roland
    • 1
  • W. G. Evans
    • 1
  • Judith H. Myers
    • 2
  1. 1.Department of EntomologyUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
  2. 2.The Ecology Group, Departments of Zoology and Plant ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada

Personalised recommendations