Open Economies Review

, Volume 6, Issue 4, pp 387–397 | Cite as

Have economic fluctuations been dampened? New empirical evidence from Italy

  • Giuseppe Schlitzer
Article

Abstract

Using new series of aggregate and disaggregate output, this paper examines the historical pattern of volatility of economic fluctuations in Italy. Results evidence a higher stability in the postwar era, with respect to both the prewar and the interwar periods. Evidence is provided that the higher degree of stabilization of the Italian business cycle cannot be entirely attributed to the shift in the composition of aggregate output from more to less cyclical sectors. It is shown, however, that although the sign of the change in volatility is invariant to the filter adopted for the decomposition into trend and cycle, this is not true for both its size and statistical significance.

Key words

business fluctuations volatility 

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Backus, D.K. and P.J. Kehoe (1992) “International Evidence on the Historical Properties of Business Cycles,”American Economic Review 4, 864–888.Google Scholar
  2. Bartlett, M.S. (1937) “Properties of Sufficiency and Statistical Tests,”Proceedings of the Royal Society, series A, No. 160.Google Scholar
  3. Bergman, M. and L. Jonung (1989) “Has the Business Cycle Been Dampened? The Case for Sweden and the United States,” Stockholm School of Economics, mimeo.Google Scholar
  4. Burns, A. (1960) “Progress Toward Economic Stability,”American Economic Review 1, 1–19.Google Scholar
  5. De Long, J.B. and L. Summers (1984) “The Changing Cyclical Variability of Economic Activity in the United States,” NBER Working Paper No. 1450, September.Google Scholar
  6. Fuà, G. (ed), (1969)Lo sviluppo economico in Italia, vol. 3, Milan: Angeli.Google Scholar
  7. Hodrick, R.J. and E.C. Prescott (1981) “Post-War U.S. Business Cycles: An Empirical Investigation,” Discussion Paper No. 451, Carnegie-Mellon University.Google Scholar
  8. ISTAT (1957) “Indagine statistica sullo sviluppo del reddito nazionale dell'Italia dal 1861 al 1956,”Annali di Statistica, Rome.Google Scholar
  9. ISTAT (1986)Annuario di Contabilità Nazionale, Rome.Google Scholar
  10. ISTAT (1990)Nuova Contabilità Nazionale, Rome.Google Scholar
  11. King, R.G. and S.T. Rebelo (1993) “Low Frequency Filtering and Real Business Cycles,”Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 17, 207–231.Google Scholar
  12. Kwiatkowski, D., P.C.B. Phillips, P. Schmidt, and Y. Shin (1992) “Testing the Null Hypothesis of Stationarity Against the Alternative of a Unit Root,”Journal of Econometrics 1, 159–178.Google Scholar
  13. Mitchell, B.R. (1976)European Historical Statistics 1750–1970. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
  14. Newey, W.K. and K.D. West (1987) “A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix,”Econometrica 3, 703–708.Google Scholar
  15. Perron, P. (1989) “The Great Crash, the Oil Price Shock, and the Unit Root Hypothesis,”Econometrica 6, 1361–1401.Google Scholar
  16. Perron, P. (1990) “Testing for a Unit Root in a Time Series with a Changing Mean,”Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 2, 153–162.Google Scholar
  17. Prescott, E. (1986) “Theory Ahead of Business Cycle Measurement,” Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series No. 25, 11–44.Google Scholar
  18. Rappoport, P. and L. Reichlin (1986) “On Broken Trends, Random Walsk and Non-Stationary Cycles.” In M. Di Matteo, R.W. Goodwin, and A. Vercelli (eds),Technological and Social Factors in Long Term Fluctuations. Proceedings of a conference held in Siena. Berlin: Springer, pp.Google Scholar
  19. Rappoport, P. and L. Reichlin (1989) “Segmented Trends and Non-Stationary Time Series,”Economic Journal 395, 168–177.Google Scholar
  20. Reichlin, L. (1989) “Structural Change and Unit Root Econometrics,”Economics Letters 3, 231–234.Google Scholar
  21. Romer, C.D. (1986) “Is the Stabilization of the Postwar Economy a Figment of the Data?”American Economic Review 3, 314–334.Google Scholar
  22. Romer, C.D. (1989) “The Prewar Business Cycle Reconsidered: New Estimates of Gross National Product, 1869–1908,”Journal of Political Economy 1, 1–37.Google Scholar
  23. Rossi, N., A. Sorgato, and G. Toniolo (1993) “Italian Historical Statistics: 1890–1990,”Rivista di Storia Economica 1, 1–47.Google Scholar
  24. Schlitzer, G. (1995) “Testing the Stationarity of Economic Time Series: Further Monte Carlo Evidence,”Ricerche Economiche 49, 125–144.Google Scholar
  25. Sheffrin, S.M. (1988) “Have Economic Fluctuations Been Dampened? A Look at Evidence Outside the United States,”Journal of Monetary Economics 21, 73–83.Google Scholar
  26. Toniolo, G. (1990)An Economic History of Lilberal Italy 1850–1918. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
  27. Vitali, O. (1992) “Gli implieghi del reddito nel 1911.” Inl conti economici dell'Italia. Una stima del valore aggiunto per il 1911, a cura di G. Rey, Rome.Google Scholar
  28. Watson, M. (1994) “Business Cycle Duration and Postwar Stabilization of the U.S. Economy,”American Economic Review 1, 24–46.Google Scholar
  29. Zarnowitz, V. and G.H. Moore (1986) “Major Changes in Cyclical Behavior.” In R.J. Gordon (ed),The American Business Cycle. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Kluwer Academic Publishers 1995

Authors and Affiliations

  • Giuseppe Schlitzer
    • 1
  1. 1.International Monetary FundUSA

Personalised recommendations