References
Arbuckle, T. Y., & Cuddy, L. L. (1969). Discrimination of item strength at time of presentation.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 126–131.
Bäckman, L. (1985). Further evidence for the lack of adult age differences on free recall of subject-performed tasks: The importance of motor action.Human Learning, 4, 79–87.
Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G. (1984). Aging effects in free recall: An exception to the rule.Human Learning, 3, 53–69.
Bäckman, L., & Nilsson, L.-G. (1985). Prerequisites for lack of age differences in memory performance.Experimental Aging Research, 11,67–73.
Bäckman, L., Nilsson, L.-G., & Chalom, D. (1986). New evidence on the nature of the encoding of action events.Memory & Cognition, 14,339–346.
Cohen, R. L. (1981). On the generality of some memory laws.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 22, 267–281.
Cohen, R. L. (1983). The effect of encoding variables on the free recall of words and action events.Memory & Cognition, 11, 575–582.
Cohen, R. L. (1984). Individual differences in event memory: A case for nonstrategic factors.Memory Cognition, 12, 633–641.
Cohen, R. L. (1985). On the generality of the laws of memory. In L.-G. Nilsson & T. Archer (Eds.),Animal learning and human memory, (pp. 247–277). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Cohen, R. L. (1988). Metamemory for words and enacted instructions: Predicting which items will be recalled.Memory Cognition, 16, 452–460.
Cohen, R. L. (1989 a). Memory for action events: The power of enactment.Educational Psychology Review, 1, 57–80.
Cohen, R. L. (1989 b). The effects of interference tasks on recency in the free recall of action events.Psychological Research, 51, 176–180.
Cohen, R. L., & Bean, G. (1983). Memory in educable mentally retarded adults: Deficit in subject or experimenter.Intelligence, 7, 287–298.
Cohen, R. L., & Bryant, S. (1991). The role of duration in memory and metamemory of enacted instructions.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Cohen, R. L., Peterson, M., & Mantini-Atkinson, T. (1987 a). Interevent differences in event memory: Why are some events more recallable than others?Memory & Cognition, 15,109–118.
Cohen, R. L., Sandler, S. P., & Schroeder, K. (1987b). Aging and memory for words and action events: Effects of item repetition and list length.Psychology and Aging, 2, 280–285.
Cohen, R. L., & Stewart, M. (1982). How to avoid developmental effects in free recall.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 9–16.
Denis, M., Engelkamp, J., & Mohr, G. (1991). Memory of imagined actions: Imagining oneself or another person.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Dick, M. B., Kean, M. L., & Sands, D. (1989). Memory for action events in Alzheimer-Type dementia: Further evidence of an encoding failure.Brain and Cognition, 9, 71–87.
Engelkamp, J. (1986). Nouns and verbs in paired-associate learning: Instructional effects.Psychological Research, 48, 153–159.
Engelkamp, J. (1988). Modality-specific encoding and word class in verbal learning. In M. Gruneberg, P. Moms, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.),Practical aspects of memory (Vol. 1, pp. 415–420. Chichester: John Wiley.
Engelkamp, J. (1989). Memory for performed and imaged noun pairs and verb pairs: A comment on Tore Helstrup.Psychological Research, 50, 241–242.
Engelkamp, J. (1990 a). Memory of action events and some implications for imagery. In C. Cornoldi & M. McDaniel (Eds.),Imagery and Cognition (pp. 183–219). New York, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Engelkamp, J. (1990b).Das menschliche Gedüchtnis. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Engelkamp, J., & Krumnacker, H. (1980). Imaginale und motorische Prozesse beim Behalten verbalen Materials.Zeitschrift für experimentelle und angewandte Psychologie, 27,511–533.
Engelkamp, J., Mohr, G., & Zimmer, H. D. (1991). Pair-relational encoding of performed nouns and verbs.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1983). Zum Einfluß von Wahrnehmen und Tun auf das Behalten von Verb-Objekt-Phrasen.Sprache & Kognition, 2, 117–127.
Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1984). Motor program information as a separable memory unit.Psychological Research, 46, 283–299.
Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1985). Motor programs and their relation to semantic memory.German Journal of Psychology, 9, 239–254.
Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1989). Memory for action events: A new field of research.Psychological Research, 51, 153–157.
Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1990). Imagery and action: Differential encoding of verbs and nouns. In P. J. Hampson, D. F. Marks, & J. T. E. Richardson (Eds.),Imagery: Current developments (pp. 150–168). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Engelkamp, J., Zimmer, H. D., & Denis, M. (1989). Paired associate learning of action verbs with visual- or motor-imaginal encoding instructions.Psychological Research, 50, 257–263.
Engelkamp, J., Zimmer, H. D., & Mohr, G. (1990). Differential memory effects of concrete nouns and action verbs.Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 198,189–216.
Foley, M. A., Bouffard, V., Raag, T., & Di Santo-Rose, M. (1991). The effects of enactive encoding, type of movement and imagined perspective on memory for dance.Psychological Research 53, (this issue).
Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T. (1979). Automatic and effortful processes in memory.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 556–588.
Helstrup, T. (1987). One, two, or three memories? A problem-solving approach to memory for performed acts.Acta Psychologica, 66, 37–68.
Helstrup, T. (1989). Memory for performed and imaged noun pairs and verb pairs.Psychological Research, 50, 237–240.
Helstrup, T. (1991). Integration versus nonintegration of noun pairs and verb pairs under enactment and nonenactment conditions.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Hunt, R. R., & Einstein, G. O. (1981). Relational and item-specific information in memory.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20,497–514.
Kausler, D. H. (1989). Impairment in normal memory aging: Implications of laboratory evidence. In G. C. Gillmore, P. J. Whitehouse, & M. L. Wykle (Eds.),Memory and aging, (pp. 4–40). New York, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
Kausler, D. H., & Hakami, M. K. (1983). Memory for activities: Adult age differences and intentionality.Developmental Psychology, 19, 37–68.
Kausler, D. H., Lichty, W., & Freund, J. S. (1985). Adult age differences in recognition memory and frequency judgments for planned activities.Developmental Psychology, 21, 647–654.
Knopf, M. (1991). Having shaved a kiwi fruit: Memory of novel self-performed actions.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Knopf, M., & Neidhardt, E. (1989). Geddchtnis für Handlungen unterschiedlicher Vertrautheit — Hinweise aus entwicklungspsychologischen Studien.Sprache & Kognition, 8, 203–215.
Koriat, A., Ben-Zur, H., & Druch, A. (1991). The contextualization of input and output events in memory.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Lichty, W., Bressie, S., & Krell, R. (1988). When a fork is not a fork: Recall of performed activities as a function of age, generation, and bizarreness. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.),Practical aspects of memory, (Vol. 2, pp. 506–511). Chichester: John Wiley.
Lichty, W., Kausler, D. H., & Martinez, D. R. (1986). Adult age differences in memory for motor versus cognitive activities.Experimental Aging Research, 12, 227–330.
Lovelace, F. A. (1984). Meta-memory: Monitoring future recallability during study.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 10, 756–766.
Marschark, M., Richman, C. L., Yuille, J. C., & Hunt, R. R. (1987). The role of imagery in memory: On shared and distinctive information.Psychological Bulletin, 102, 28–41.
McDaniel, M. A., Einstein, G. O., & Lollis, T. (1988). Qualitative and quantitative consideratins in encoding difficulty effect.Memory & Cognition, 16, 8–14.
Mohr, G., Engelkamp, J., & Zimmer, H. D. (1989). Recall and recognition of self-performed acts.Psychological Research, 51, 181–187.
Nilsson, L. G., & Bäckman, L. (1991). Encoding dimensions of subject-performed tasks.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Nilsson, L. G., & Cohen, R. L. (1988). Enrichment and generation in the recall of enacted and non-enacted instructions. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.),Practical aspects of memory (Vol. 1, pp. 427–432). Chichester: John Wiley.
Norris, M. P., & West, R. L. (1991). Age differences in the recall of actions and cognitive activities: The effects of presentation rate and object cues.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Nyberg, L., Nilsson, L.-G., & Bäckman, L. (1991). A component analysis of action events.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Ratner, H. H., & Hill, L. (1991). The development of children's action memory: When do actions speak louder than words?Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Saltz, E. (1988). The role of motoric enactment (M-processing) in memory for words and sentences. In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.),Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues (Vol. 1, pp. 408–414). Chichester: John Wiley.
Saltz, E., & Dixon, D. (1982). Let's pretend: The role of motoric imagery in memory for sentences and words.Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 34, 77–92.
Saltz, E., & Donnenwerth-Nolan, S. (1981). Does motoric imagery facilitate memory for sentences? A selective interference test.Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 20,322–332.
Underwood, B. J. (1966). Individual and group predictions of item difficulty for free learning.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71, 673–679.
Zimmer, H. D. (1984).Enkodierung, Rekodierung, Retrieval und die Aktivation motorischer Programme (Arbeiten der FR Psychologie Nr. 91). Saarbrücken: Universität des Saarlandes.
Zimmer, H. D. (1991). Memory after motoric encoding in a generation-recognition model.Psychological Research,53, (this issue).
Zimmer, H. D., & Engelkamp, J. (1984). Planungs- und Ausführungsanteile motorischer Gedächtniskomponenten und ihre Wirkung auf das Behalten ihrer verbalen Bezeichnungen.Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 192, 379–402.
Zimmer, H. D., & Engelkamp, J. (1985). An attempt to distinguish between kinematic and motor memory components.Acta Psychologica, 58, 81–106.
Zimmer, H. D., & Engelkamp, J. (1989a). Does motor encoding enhance relational information?Psychological Research, 51, 158–167.
Zimmer, H. D., & Engelkamp, J. (1989b). One, two or three memories: Some comments and new findings.Acta Psychologica, 70, 293–304.
Zimmer, H. D., Engelkamp, J., & Sieloff, U. (1984). Motorische Gedächtniskomponenten als partiell unabhängige Komponenten des Engramms verbaler Handlungsbeschreibungen.Sprache & Kognition, 3, 70–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Engelkamp, J., Cohen, R.L. Current issues in memory of action events. Psychol. Res 53, 175–182 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941384
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00941384