Parasitology Research

, Volume 78, Issue 5, pp 410–415 | Cite as

Anaplasma marginale: failure of sera from immune cattle to confer protection in passive-transfer experiments

  • K. R. Gale
  • G. Leatch
  • M. Gartside
  • C. M. Dimmock
Original Investigations
Accepted:

Abstract

High levels of immunity toAnaplasma marginale were induced in cattle either by vaccination using sonically disruptedA. marginale-infected erythrocytes or by repeated infection with different strains of the rickettsia. In both instances, high levels of anti-A. marginale antibody were detected in the sera of the immune cattle by immunoblotting. Serum from one animal that had been made immune by repeated infection was transferred intravenously toA. marginale-susceptible calves (three non-splenectomised and two splenectomised) undergoing initialA. marginale infection at serum doses of 2–10 ml/kg. Neither the course nor the outcome of infection as indicated by the parasite levels attained or the level of anaemia induced was altered in the calves that received the immune serum relative to the course or outcome of infection in control calves (two non-splenectomised and two splenectomised) that received serum from anA. marginale-naive donor animal. In a similar experiment, a pool of sera from four steers that had been vaccinated with sonically disruptedA. marginale initial bodies was transfused into two intactA. marginale-susceptible calves during the early stage ofA. marginale infection at a dose of 10 ml/kg. No difference was observed in the course or outcome of infection in these calves relative to the course or outcome of infection in the two non-splenectomised calves that were transfused with non-immune serum. The failure of serum obtained from animals that had been made immune toA. marginale either by infection or by vaccination with disrupted initial bodies to confer any protection against infection following its transfer into splenectomised or non-splenectomised naive calves indicates that antibody per se is not a significant factor in immunity to this parasite.

Keywords

Immune Serum Repeated Infection Donor Animal Parasite Level Serum Dose 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bradford M (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Buening GM (1973) The role of cell mediated immunity in anaplasmosis infections. In: Jones EW (ed)) Proceedings of the Sixth National Anaplasmosis Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada. Heritage Press, Stillwater, Oklahoma pp 71–77Google Scholar
  3. Buening GM (1976) Cell-mediated immune response in anaplasmosis as measured by micro cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay and lymphocytemigration inhibition test. Am J Vet Res 37:1215–1218PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Buzoni-Gatel D, Bernard F, Anderson A, Rodolakis A (1990) Protective effect of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against abortion in mice infected byChlamydia psittiaci. Vaccine 8:342–346PubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Conrad PA, Iams K, Brown WC, Sohanpal B, ole-Moi Yoi OK (1987) DNA probes detect genomic diversity inTheileria parva stocks. Mol Biochem Parasitol 25:213–226PubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Corrier DE, Wagner GG, Adams LG (1981) Recrudescence ofAnaplasma marginale induced by immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. Am J Vet Res 42:19–21PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Cox ER, Dimopoullos GT (1972) Demonstration of an autoantibody associated with anaplasmosis. Am J Vet Res 33:76–76Google Scholar
  8. Dennis RA, O'Hara PJ, Young MF, Dorris KD (1970) Neonatal immunohemolytic anaemia and icterus of calves. J Am Vet Med Assoc 156:1861–1869PubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Duzgun A, Schuntner C, Wright IG, Waltisbuhl DJ (1988) A sensitive ELISA technique for the diagnosis ofAnaplasma marginale infections. Vet Parasitol 29:1–7PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Kuttler KL, Zaugg JL, Johnson LW (1984) Serologic and clinical responses of preimmunised, vaccinated and previously exposed cattle to challenge exposure by two differentAnaplasma marginale isolates. Am J Vet Res 45:2223–2226PubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Laemmli UK (1970) Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Mahoney DF, Kerr JD, Goodger BV, Wright IG (1979) The immune response of cattle toBabesia bovis (syn.B. argentina). Studies on the nature and specificity of protection. Int J Parasitol 9:297–306PubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Mann H, Ristic M (1963) Anaplasmosis: XIII. Studies concerning the nature of autoimmunity. Am J Vet Res 32:1221–1228Google Scholar
  14. Montenegro-James S, James MA, Toro Benitez M, Leon E, Baek BK, Guillen AT (1991) Efficacy of purifiedAnaplasma marginale initial bodies as a vaccine against anaplasmosis. Parasitol Res 77:93–101PubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Palmer GH (1989) Anaplasma vaccines. In: Wright IG (ed) Veterinary protozoan and hemoparasite vaccines. CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp 1–29Google Scholar
  16. Palmer GH, McGuire TC (1984) Immune serum againstAnaplasma marginale initial bodies neutralises infectivity for cattle. J Immunol 133:1010–1015PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Palmer GH, Waghela SD, Barbet AF, Davis WC, McGuire TC (1987) Characterisation of a neutralisation sensitive epitope on the Am 105 surface protein ofAnaplasma marginale. Int J Parasitol 17:1279–1285PubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Ristic M (1968) Anaplasmosis. In: Weinman D, Ristic M (eds) Infections blood diseases of man and animals. Academic Press, New York, pp 473–542Google Scholar
  19. Ristic M (1973) Mechanisms of immune response to an attenuatedAnaplasma marginole vaccine. In: Jones EW (ed) Proceedings of the Sixth National Anaplasmosis Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada. Heritage Press, Stillwater, Oklahoma pp 66–70Google Scholar
  20. Ristic M, Carson CA (1973) Methods of immunoprophylaxis against bovine anaplasmosis with emphasis on use of the attenuatedAnaplasma marginale vaccine. In: Miller LH, Pipano JA, McKelvy JJ (eds) Immunity to blood parasites of animals and man. Plenum, New York, pp 151–188Google Scholar
  21. Rykova VS (1976) Serotherapy ofAnaplasma infections in cattle. In: Materialy II Vsesoyuznogo S″ezda Protozoologiya. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, pp 109–110Google Scholar
  22. Schroeder WF, Ristic M (1965) Anaplasmosis: XII. The relation of autoimmune processes to anaemia. Am J Vet Res 26:239–245Google Scholar
  23. Schroeder WF, Ristic M (1968) Blood serum factors associated with erythrophagocytosis in calves with anaplasmosis. Am J Vet Res 29:1991–1995PubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Shkap V, Pipano E, McGuire TC, Palmer GH (1991) Identification of immunodominant polypeptides common betweenAnaplasma marginale andAnaplasma centrale. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 29:31–40PubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Theiler A (1912) Gallsickness of imported cattle and the protective inoculation against the disease. Agric J Union S Afr 3:1Google Scholar
  26. Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:4350–4354PubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Warren RL, Lu D, Sizemore DR, Baron US, Kopecko DJ (1990) Method for identifying antigens that stimulate specific lymphocyte responses: application toSalmonella. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:9823–9827PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. West S, Schroder J, Kunz W (1990) A multiple staining procedure for the detection of different DNA fragments on a single blot. Anal Biochem 190:254–258PubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Wilson AJ, Parker R, Trueman KF (1980) Experimental immunisation of calves againstAnaplasma marginale infection: observations on the use of livingA. centrale andA. marginale. Vet Parasitol 7:305–311Google Scholar
  30. Young DB, Lamb JR (1986) T lymphocyte respond to solid phase antigen: a novel approach to the molecular analysis of cellular immunity. Immunology 59:167–171PubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Zaraza H, Kuttler KL (1971) Comparative efficacy of different immunisation systems against anaplasmosis. Trop Anim Fiealth Prod 3:77–82Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 1992

Authors and Affiliations

  • K. R. Gale
    • 1
  • G. Leatch
    • 1
  • M. Gartside
    • 1
  • C. M. Dimmock
    • 1
  1. 1.Long Pocket LaboratoriesCSIRO Division of Tropical Animal ProductionIndooroopillyAustralia

Personalised recommendations