Molecular mechanisms in T helper phenotype development
Article
- 32 Downloads
- 2 Citations
Keywords
Internal Medicine Molecular Mechanism Phenotype Development Helper Phenotype
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Abbas AK, Murphy KM, Sher A (1996) Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature 383:787Google Scholar
- 2.Adachi O, Kawai T, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Tsutsui H, Sakagami M, Nakanishi K, Akira S (1998) Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function. Immunity 9:143Google Scholar
- 3.Agarwal S, Rao A (1998) Modulation of chromatin structure regulates cytokine gene expression during T cell differentiation. Immunity 9:765Google Scholar
- 4.Ahmad S, Alsayed YM, Druker BJ, Platanias LC (1997) The type I interferon receptor mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of the CrkL adaptor protein. J Biol Chem 272:29991Google Scholar
- 5.Altare R, Durandy A, Lammas D, Emile JF, Lamhamedi S, Le Deist F, Drysdale P, Jouanguy E, Doffinger R, Bernaudin F, Jeppsson O, Gollob JA, Meinl E, Segal AW, Fischer A, Kumararatne D, Casanova JL (1998) Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency. Science 280:1432Google Scholar
- 6.Anne TM, Penix LA, Rincon M, Flavell RA (1997) Differential transcription directed by discrete gamma interferon promoter elements in naive and memory (effector) CD4T cells and CD8T cells. Mol Cell Biol 17:199Google Scholar
- 7.Bacon CM, Petricoin EF III, Ortaldo JR, Rees RC, Lamer AC, Johnston JA, O'Shea JJ (1995) Interleukin 12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT4 in human lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7307Google Scholar
- 8.Barbulescu K, Becker C, Schlaak JF, Schmitt E, zum Büschenfelde K-HM, Neurath MF (1998) IL-12 and IL-18 differentially regulate the transcriptional activity of the human IFN-γ promoter in primary CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol 160:3642Google Scholar
- 9.Barton K, Muthusamy N, Fischer C, Ting CN, Walunas TL, Lanier LL, Leiden JM (1998) The Ets-I transcription factor is required for the development of natural killer cells in mice. Immunity 9:555Google Scholar
- 10.Bendelac A, Killeen N, Littman DR, Schwartz RH (1994) A subset of CD4+ thymocytes selected by MHC class I molecules. Science 263:1774Google Scholar
- 11.Bird JJ, Brown DR, Mullen AC, Moskowitz NH, Mahowald MA, Sider JR, Gajewski TF, Wang C-R, Reiner SL (1998) Helper T cell differentiation is controlled by the cell cycle. Immunity 9:229Google Scholar
- 12.Bradding P, Feather IH, Howarth PH, Mueller R, Roberts JA, Britten K, Bews JPA, Hunt TC, Okayama Y, Heusser CH, Bullock GR, Church MK, Holgate ST (1992) Interleukin 4 is localized to and released by human mast cells. J Exp Med 176:1381Google Scholar
- 13.Brinkmann V, Geiger T, Alkan S, Heusser CH (1993) Interferon a increases the frequency of interferon γ-producing human CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 178:1655Google Scholar
- 14.Cantrell D (1996) T cell antigen receptor signal transduction pathways. Annu Rev Immunol 14:259Google Scholar
- 15.Carter LL, Murphy KM (1999) Lineage-specific requirement for signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)4 in interferon 7 production from CD4+ versus CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med 189:1355Google Scholar
- 16.Chan SH, Perussia B, Gupta JW, Kobayashi M, Pospisil M, Young HA, Wolf SF, Young D, Clark SC, Trinchieri G (1991) Induction of interferon gamma production by natural killer cell stimulatory factor: characterization of the responder cells and synergy with other inducers. J Exp Med 173:869Google Scholar
- 17.Chen H, Paul WE (1997) Cultured NK1.l+ CD4+ T cells produce large amounts of IL-4 and IFN-gamma upon activation by anti-CD3 or CD1. J Immunol 159:2240Google Scholar
- 18.Cho S, Bacon CM, Sudarshan C, Rees RC, Finbloom D, Pine R, O'Shea JJ (1996) Activation of STAT4 by IL-12 and IFN-α. Evidence for the involvement of ligand-induced tyrosine and serine phosphorylation. J Immunol 157:4781Google Scholar
- 19.Chua AO, Chizzonite R, Desai BB, Truitt TP, Nunes P, Minetti LJ, Warrier RR, Presky DH, Levine JF, Gately MK, Goblet U (1994) Expression cloning of a human IL-12 receptor component. A new member of the cytokine receptor superfamily with strong homology to gp130. J Immunol 153:128Google Scholar
- 20.Coffman RL, Reiner SL (1999) Instruction, selection, or tampering with the odds? Science 284:1283Google Scholar
- 21.Cohen B, Novick D, Barak S, Rubinstein M (1995) Ligand-induced association of the type I interferon receptor components. Mol Cell Biol 15:4208Google Scholar
- 22.Colamonici OR, Yan H, Domanski P, Handa R, Smalley D, Mullersman J, Witte M, Krishnan K, Krolewski JJ (1994) Direct binding to and tyrosine phosphorylation of the α subunit of the type I interferon receptor by p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase. Mol Cell Biol 14:8133Google Scholar
- 23.Constant S, Bottomly K (1997) Induction of Th1 and Th2 CD4+ T cell responses: the alternative approaches. Annu Rev Immunol 15:297Google Scholar
- 24.Constant S, Pfeiffer C, Woodard A, Pasqualini T, Bottomly K (1995) Extent of T cell receptor ligation can determine the functional differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 182:1591Google Scholar
- 25.Crepieux P, Colt J, Stehelin D (1994) The Ets family of proteins: weak modulators of gene expression in quest for transcriptional partners. Crit Rev Oncog 5:615Google Scholar
- 26.David M, Chen HE, Goelz S, Larner AC, Neel BG (1995) Differential regulation of the alpha/beta interferon-stimulated Jak/Stat pathway by the SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase SHPTP1. Mol Cell Biol 15:7050Google Scholar
- 27.David M, Zhou G, Pine R, Dixon JE, Larner AC (1996) The SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase PTP1D is required for interferon α/β-induced gene expression. J Biol Chem 271:15862Google Scholar
- 28.De Jong R, Altare R, Haagen IA, Elferink DG, Boer T, Breda Vriesman PJ van, Kabel PJ, Draaisma JM, Dissel JT van, Kroon FP, Casanova JL, Ottenhoff TH (1998) Severe mycobacterial and Salmonella infections in interleukin-12 receptor-deficient patients. Science 280:1435Google Scholar
- 29.Domanski P, Fish EN, Nadeau OW, Witte M, Platanias LC, Yan H, Krolewski JJ, Pitha P, Colamonici OR (1997) A region of the β subunit of the interferon α receptor different from box 1 interacts with Jak1 and is sufficient to activate the Jak-Stat pathway and induce an antiviral state. J Biol Chem 272:26388Google Scholar
- 30.Domanski P, Witte M, Kellum M, Rubinstein M, Hackett R, Pitha P, Colamonici OR (1995) Cloning and expression of a long form of the β subunit of the interferon αβ receptor that is required for signaling. J Biol Chem 270:21606Google Scholar
- 31.Finkelman FD, Holmes J, Katona IM, Urban JJ, Beckmann MP, Park LS, Schooley KA, Coffman RL, Mosmann TR, Paul WE (1990) Lymphokine control of in vivo immunoglobulin isotype selection. Annu Rev Immunol 8:303Google Scholar
- 32.Gately MK, Renzetti LM, Magram J, Stern AS, Adorini L, Gubler U, Presky DH (1998) The interleukin-12/interleukin-l2-receptor system: role in normal and pathologic immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 16:495Google Scholar
- 33.Gauchat JF, Schlagenhauf E, Feng NP, Moser R, Yamage M, Jeannin P, Alouani S, Elson G, Notarangelo LD, Wells T, Eugster HP, Bonnefoy JY (1997) A novel 4-kb interleukin-13 receptor alpha mRNA expressed in human B, T and endothelial cells encoding an alternate type-11 interleukin-4/interleukin-13 receptor. Eur J Immunol 27:971Google Scholar
- 34.Gett AV, Hodgkin PD (1998) Cell division regulates the T cell cytokine repertoire, revealing a mechanism underlying immune class regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:9488Google Scholar
- 35.Ghayur T, Banerjee S, Hugunin M, Butler D, Herzog L, Carter A, Quintal L, Sekut L, Talanian R, Paskind M, Wong W, Kamen R, Tracey D, Allen H (1997) Caspase-1 processes IFN-7-inducing factor and regulates LPS-induced IFN-γ production. Nature 386:619Google Scholar
- 36.Gorham JD, Guler ML, Murphy KM (1997) Genetic control of interleukin 12 responsiveness: implications for disease pathogenesis. J Mol Med 75:502Google Scholar
- 37.Gorham JD, Güler ML, Steen RG, Mackey A, Daly MJ, Frederick K, Dietrich WF, Murphy KM (1996) Genetic mapping of a murine locus controlling development of T helper 1/T helper 2 type responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:12 467Google Scholar
- 38.Graber P, Gretener D, Herren S, Aubry JP, Elson G, Poudrier J, Lecoanet-Henchoz S, Aouani S, Losberger C, Bonnefoy JY, Koseo-Vilbois MH, Gauchat JF (1998) The distribution of IL-13 receptor alphal expression on B cells, T cells and monocytes and its regulation by IL-13 and IL-4. Eur J Immunol 28:4286Google Scholar
- 39.Grakoui A, Donermeyer DL, Kanagawa O, Murphy KM, Allen PM (1999) TCR-independent pathways mediate the effects of antigen dose and altered peptide ligands on Th cell polarization. J Immunol 162:1923Google Scholar
- 40.Gross A, Ben-Sasson SZ, Paul WE (1993) Anti-IL-4 diminishes in vivo priming for antigen-specific IL-4 production by T cells. J Immunol 150:2112Google Scholar
- 41.Gu Y, Kuida K, Tsutsui H, Ku G, Hsiao K, Fleming MA, Hayashi N, Higashino K, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Kurimoto M, Tanimoto T, Flavell RA, Sato V, Harding MW, Livingston DJ, Su MSS (1997) Activation of interferon-γ inducing factor mediated by interleukin-1β converting enzyme. Science 275:206Google Scholar
- 42.Guler ML, Gorham JD, Dietrich WF, Murphy TL, Steen RG, Parvin CA, Fenoglio D, Grupe A, Peltz G, Murphy KM (1999) Tpm1, a locus controlling IL-12 responsiveness, acts by a cell-autonomous mechanism. J Immunol 162:1339Google Scholar
- 43.Güler ML, Gorham JD, Hsieh C-S, Mackey A, Steen RG, Dietrich WF, Murphy KM (1996) Genetic susceptibility toLeishmania: IL-12 responsiveness in Th1 cell development. Science 271:984Google Scholar
- 44.Güler ML, Jacobson NG, Gubler U, Murphy KM (1997) T cell genetic background determines maintenance of IL-12 signaling. Effects on BALB/c and B10.D2 T helper cell type 1 phenotype development. J Immunol 159:1767Google Scholar
- 45.Henkel G, Brown MA (1994) PU.1 and GATA: components of a mast cell-specific interleukin 4 intronic enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:7737Google Scholar
- 46.Henkel G, Weiss DL, McCoy R, Deloughery T, Tara D, Brown MA (1992) A DNase I-hypersensitive site in the second intron of the murine IL-4 gene defines a mast cell-specific enhancer. J Immunol 149:3239Google Scholar
- 47.Ho I-C, Hodge MR, Rooney JW, Glimcher LH (1996) The proto-oncogene c-maf is responsible for tissue-specific expression of interleukin-4. Cell 85:973Google Scholar
- 48.Ho I-C, Lo D, Glimcher LH (1998) c-maf promotes T helper cell type 2 (Th2) and attenuates Th1 differentiation by both interleukin 4-dependent and -independent mechanisms. J Exp Med 188:1859Google Scholar
- 49.Hodge MR, Chun HJ, Rengarajan J, Alt A, Lieberson R, Glimcher LH (1996) NF-AT-driven interleukin-4 transcription potentiated by NIP45. Science 274:1903Google Scholar
- 50.Hodge MR, Ranger AM, Brousse C de la, Hoey T, Grusby MJ, Glimcher LH (1996) Hyperproliferation and dysregulation of IL-4 expression in NF-ATp-deficient mice. Immunity 4:397Google Scholar
- 51.Hodge MR, Rooney JW, Glimcher LH (1995) The proximal promoter of the IL-4 gene is composed of multiple essential regulatory sites that bind at least two distinct factors. J Immunol 154:6397Google Scholar
- 52.Horvath CM, Stark GR, Kerr IM, Darnell JE (1996) Interactions between STAT and non-STAT proteins in the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 transcription complex. Mol Cell Biol 16:6957Google Scholar
- 53.Hosken NA, Shibuya K, Heath AW, Murphy KM, O'Garra A (1995) The effect of antigen dose on CD4+ T helper cell phenotype development in a T cell receptor-α-transgenic model. J Exp Med 182:1579Google Scholar
- 54.Hou J, Schindler U, Henzel WJ, Ho TC, Brasseur M, McKnight SL (1994) An interleukin-4-induced transcription factor: IL-4 Stat. Science 265:1701Google Scholar
- 55.Hsieh C-S, Macatonia SE, O'Garra A, Murphy KM (1995) T cell genetic background determines default T helper phenotype development in vitro. J Exp Med 181:713Google Scholar
- 56.Hsieh C-S, Macatonia SE, Tripp CS, Wolf SF, O'Garra A, Murphy KM (1993) Development of Th1 CD4+ T cells through IL-12 produced byListeria-induced macrophages. Science 260:547Google Scholar
- 57.Hubank M, Schatz DG (1994) Identifying differences in mRNA expression by representational difference analysis of cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 22:5640Google Scholar
- 58.Hubank M, Schatz DG (1999) cDNA representational difference analysis: a sensitive and flexible method for identification of differentially expressed genes. Methods Enzymol 303:325Google Scholar
- 59.Improta T, Schindler C, Horvath CM, Kerr IM, Stark GR, Darnell JE (1994) Transcription factor ISGF-3 formation requires phosphorylated Stat91 protein, but Statl 13 protein is phosphorylated independently of Stat91 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:4776Google Scholar
- 60.Izuhara K, Harada N (1993) Interleukin-4 (IL-4) induces protein tyrosine phosphorylation of the IL-4 receptor and association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the IL-4 receptor in a mouse T cell line, HT2. J Biol Chem 268:13 097Google Scholar
- 61.Jacobson NG, Szabo SJ, Guler ML, Gorham JD, Murphy KM (1996) Regulation of interleukin-12 signalling during T helper phenotype development. 62nd Forum in Immunology 146:446Google Scholar
- 62.Jacobson NG, Szabo SJ, Weber-Nordt RM, Zhong Z, Schreiber RD, Darnell JE, Murphy KM (1995) Interleukin 12 signaling in T helper type 1 (Th1) cells involves tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat4. J Exp Med 181:1755Google Scholar
- 63.Kaplan MH, Schindler U, Smiley ST, Grusby MJ (1996) Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for the development of Th2 cells. Immunity 4:313Google Scholar
- 64.Kaplan MH, Sun Y-L, Hoey T, Grusby MJ (1996) Impaired IL-12 responses and enhanced development of Th2 cells in Stat4-deficient mice. Science 382:174Google Scholar
- 65.Keegan AD, Johnston JA, Tortolani PJ, McReynolds LJ, Kinzer C, O'Shea JJ, Paul WE (1995) Similarities and differences in signal transduction by interleukin 4 and interleukin 13: analysis of Janus kinase activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7681Google Scholar
- 66.Keegan AD, Nelms K, White M, Wang L-M, Pierce JH, Paul WE (1994) An IL-4 receptor region containing an insulin receptor motif is important for IL-4-mediated IRS-1 phosphorylation and cell growth. Cell 76:811Google Scholar
- 67.Kessler DS, Veals SA, Fu X-Y, Levy DE (1990) Interferon-a regulates nuclear translocation and DNA-binding affinity of ISGF3, a multimeric transcriptional activator. Genes Dev 4:1753Google Scholar
- 68.Kiani A, Viola JPB, Lichtman AH, Rao A (1997) Down-regulation of IL-4 gene transcription and control of Th2 cell differentiation by a mechanism involving NFAT1. Immunity 7:849Google Scholar
- 69.Kobayashi M, Fitz L, Ryan M, Hewick RM, Clarck SC, Chan S, Loudon R, Sherman F, Perussia B, Trinchieri G (1989) Identification and purification of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF), a cytokine with multiple biologic effects on human lymphocytes. J Exp Med 170:827Google Scholar
- 70.Kohno K, Kataoka J, Ohtsuki T, Suemoto Y, Okamoto I, Usui M, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M (1997) IFN-gamma-inducing factor (IGIF) is a costimulatory factor on the activation of Th1 but not Th2 cells and exerts its effect independently of IL-12. J Immunol 158:1541Google Scholar
- 71.Kopf M, Le Gros G, Bachmann M, Lamers MC, Bluethmann H, Kohler G (1993) Disruption of the marine IL-4 gene blocks Th2 cytokine responses. Nature 362:245Google Scholar
- 72.Krishnan K, Singh B, Krolewski JJ (1998) Identification of amino acid residues critical for the Src-homology 2 domain-dependent docking of Stat2 to the interferon a receptor. J Biol Chem 273:19 495Google Scholar
- 73.Kubo M, Ransom J, Webb D, Hashimoto Y, Tada T, Nakayama T (1997) T-cell subset-specific expression of the IL-4 gene is regulated by a silencer element and STAT6. EMBO J 16:4007Google Scholar
- 74.Kühn R, Rajewsky K, Müller W (1991) Generation and analysis of interleukin-4 deficient mice. Science 254:707Google Scholar
- 75.Leung S, Qureshi SA, Kerr IM, Darnell JE, Stark GR (1995) Role of STAT2 in the alpha interferon signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biol 15:1312Google Scholar
- 76.Li B, Tournier C, Davis RJ, Flavell RA (1999) Regulation of IL-4 expression by the transcription factor JunB during T helper cell differentiation. EMBO J 18:420Google Scholar
- 77.Li X, Leung S, Qureshi SA, Darnell JE, Stark GR (1996) Formation of STATI-STAT2 heterodimers and their role in the activation of IRF-1 gene transcription by interferon-α. J Biol Chem 271:5790Google Scholar
- 78.Macatonia SE, Hosken NA, Litton M, Vieira P, Hsieh C-S, Culpepper JA, Wysocka M, Trinchieri G, Murphy KM, O'Garra A (1995) Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 154:5071Google Scholar
- 79.Macatonia SE, Hsieh C-S, Murphy KM, O'Garra A (1993) Dendritic cells and macrophages are required for Th1 development of CD4+ T cells from αβ TCR trausgenic mice: IL-12 substitution for macrophages to stimulate IFN-γ production is IFN-γ-dependent. Int Immunol 9:1119Google Scholar
- 80.Magram J, Connaughton SE, Warrier RR, Carvajal DM, Wu CY, Ferrante J, Stewart C, Sarmiento U, Faherty DA, Gately MK (1996) IL-12-deficient mice are defective in IFN gamma production and type 1 cytokine responses. Immunity 4:471Google Scholar
- 81.Marsh DG, Neely JD, Breazeale DR, Ghosh B, Freidhoff LR, Erlich-Kautzky E, Schou C, Krishnaswamy G, Beaty TH (1994) Linkage analysis of IL4 and other chromosome 5q31.1 markers and total serum immunoglobulin E concentrations. Science 264:1152Google Scholar
- 82.Martinez-Moczygemba M, Gutch MJ, French DL, Reich NC (1997) Distinct STAT structure promotes interaction of STAT2 with the p48 subunit of the interferon-α-stimulated transcription factor ISGF3. J Biol Chem 272:20070Google Scholar
- 83.Matsumoto S, Tsuji-Takayama K, Aizawa Y, Koide K, Takeuchi M, Ohta T, Kurimoto M (1997) Interleukin-18 activates NF-κB in murine T helper type 1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 234:454Google Scholar
- 84.McKenzie GJ, Emson CL, Bell SE, Anderson S, Fallon P, Zurawski G, Murray R, Grencis R, McKenzie ANJ (1998) Impaired development of Th2 cells in IL-13-deficient mice. Immunity 9:423Google Scholar
- 85.Minty A, Chalon P, Derocq J-M, Dumont X, Guillemot J-C, Kaghad M, Labit C, Leplatois P, Liauzun P, Miloux B, Minty C, Casellas P, Loison G, Lupker J, Shire D, Ferrara P, Caput D (1993) Interleukin-13 is a new human lymphokine regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Nature 362:248Google Scholar
- 86.Miyazaki T, Kawahara A, Fujii H, Nakagawa Y, Minami Y, Liu ZJ, Oishi I, Silvennoinen O, Witthuhn BA, Ihle JN, Taniguchi T (1994) Functional activation of Jak1 and Jak3 by selective association with IL-2 receptor subunits. Science 266:1045Google Scholar
- 87.Mosley B, Beckmann MP, March CJ, Idzerda RL, Gimpel SD, VandenBos T, Friend D, Alpert A, Anderson D, Jackson J, Wignall JM, Smith C, Gallis B, Sims JE, Urdal D, Widmer MB, Cosman D, Park LS (1989) The murine interleukin-4 receptor: molecular cloning and characterization of secreted and membrane bound forms. Cell 59:335Google Scholar
- 88.Murphy KM, Murphy TL, Szabo SJ, et al (1997) Regulation of IL-12 receptor expression in early Thelper responses implies two phases of Th1 differentiation: capacitance and development. In: Adorini L (ed) Chemical immunology. Karger, Basel, pp 54–69Google Scholar
- 89.Naeger LK, McKinney J, Salvekar A, Hoey T (1999) Identification of a STAT4 binding site in the interleukin-12 receptor required for signaling. J Biol Chem 274:1875Google Scholar
- 90.Novick D, Cohen B, Rubinstein M (1994) The human interferon a /(3 receptor: characterization and molecular cloning. Cell 77:391Google Scholar
- 91.Okamura H, Tsutsui H, Komatsu T, Yutsudo M, Hakura A, Tanimoto T, Torigoe K, Okura T, Nukada Y, Hattori K, Akita K, Namba M, Tanabe F, Konishi K, Fukuda S, Kurimoto M (1995) Cloning of a new cytokine that induces IFN-γ production by T cells. Nature 378:88Google Scholar
- 92.Oukka M, Ho I-C, Brousse C de la, Hoey T, Grusby MJ, Glimcher LH (1998) The transcription factor NFAT4 is involved in the generation and survival of T cells. Immunity 9:295Google Scholar
- 93.Ouyang W, Jacobson NG, Bhattacharya D, Gorham JD, Fenoglio D, Sha WC, Murphy TL, Murphy KM (1999) The Ets transcription factor ERM is Th1-specific and induced by IL-12 through a Stat4-dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3888Google Scholar
- 94.Ouyang W, Ranganath SH, Weindel K, Bhattacharya D, Murphy TL, Sha WC, Murphy KM (1998) Inhibition of Th1 development mediated by GATA-3 through an IL-4-independent mechanism. Immunity 9:745Google Scholar
- 95.Pandolfi PP, Roth ME, Karis A, Leonard MW, Dzierzak E, Grosveld FG, Engel JD, Lindenbaum MH (1995) Targeted disruption of the GATA3 gene causes severe abnormalities in the nervous system and in fetal liver haematopoiesis. Nat Genet 11:40Google Scholar
- 96.Parronchi P, De Carli M, Manetti R, Simonelli C, Sampognaro S, Piccinni M-P, Macchia D, Maggi E, Del Prete G, Romangnani S (1992) IL-4 and IFN (α and γ) exert opposite regulatory effects on the development of cytolytic potential by Th1 or Th2 human T cell clones. J Immunol 149:2977Google Scholar
- 97.Penix LA, Sweetser MT, Weaver WM, Hoeffler JP, Kerppola TK, Wilson CB (1996) The proximal regulatory element of the interferon-gamma promoter mediates selective expression in T cells. J Biol Chem 271:31964Google Scholar
- 98.Penix LA, Weaver WM, Pang Y, Young HA, Wilson CB (1993) Two essential regulatory elements in the human interferon gamma promoter confer activation specific expression in T cells. J Exp Med 178:1483Google Scholar
- 99.Pfeffer LM, Mullersman JE, Pfeffer SR, Murti A, Shi W, Yang CH (1997) STAT3 as an adapter to couple phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the IFNAR1 chain of the type I interferon receptor. Science 276:1418Google Scholar
- 100.Presky DH, Yang H, Minetti LJ, Chua AO, Nabavi N, Wu C-Y, Gately MK, Gubler U (1996) A functional interleukin 12 receptor complex is composed of two β-type cytokine receptor subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:14 002Google Scholar
- 101.Quelle FW, Shimoda K, Thierfelder WE, Fischer C, Kim A, Ruben SM, Cleveland JL, Pierce JH, Keegan AD, Nelms K, Paul WE, Ihle JN (1995) Cloning of murine Stat6 and human Stat6, Stat proteins that are tyrosine phosphorylated in responses to IL-4 and IL-3 but are not required for mitogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 15:3336Google Scholar
- 102.Qureshi SA, Leung S, Kerr IM, Stark GR, Darnell JE (1996) Function of Stat2 protein in transcriptional activation by alpha interferon. Mol Cell Biol 16:288Google Scholar
- 103.Qureshi SA, Salditt-Teorgieff M, Darnell JE (1995) Tyrosine-phosphorylated Statl and Stat2 plus a 48-kDa protein all contact DNA in forming interferon-stimulated-gene factor 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 3829Google Scholar
- 104.Ranganath SH, Ouyang W, Bhattacharya D, Sha WC, Grupe A, Peltz G, Murphy KM (1998) GATA3-dependent enhancer activity in IL-4 gene regulation. J Immunol 161:3822Google Scholar
- 105.Ranger AM, Hodge MR, Gravellese EM, Oukka M, Davidson L, Alt FW, Brousse C de la, Hoey T, Grusby MJ, Glimcher LH (1998) Delayed lymphoid repopulation with defects in IL-4-driven responses produced by inactivation of NF-ATc. Immunity 8:125Google Scholar
- 106.Ranger AM, Oukka M, Rengarajan J, Glimcher LH (1998) Inhibitory function of two NFAT family members in lymphoid homeostasis and Th2 development. Immunity 9:627Google Scholar
- 107.Rao A, Luo C, Hogan PG (1997) Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function. Annu Rev Immunol 15:707Google Scholar
- 108.Reiner SL, Locksley RM (1995) The regulation of immunity toLeishmania major. Anon Rev Immunol 13:151Google Scholar
- 109.Robinson D, Shibuya K, Mui A, Zonin F, Murphy E, Sana T, Hartley SB, Menon S, Kastelein R, Bazan F, O'Garra A (1997) IGIF does not drive Th1 development but synergizes with IL-12 for interferon-γ production and activates IRAK and NFκB. Immunity 7:571Google Scholar
- 110.Rogge L, Barberis-Maino L, Biffi M, Passini N, Presky DH, Gubler U, Sinigaglia F (1997) Selective expression of an interleukin-12 receptor component by human T helper 1 cells. J Exp Med 185:825Google Scholar
- 111.Rogge L, D'Ambrosio D, Biffi M, Penna G, Minetti IJ, Presky DH, Adorini L, Sinigaglia F (1998) The role of Stat4 in species-specific regulation of Th cell development by type I IFNs. J Immunol 161:6567Google Scholar
- 112.Rooney JW, Hoey T, Glimcher LH (1995) Coordinate and cooperative roles for NF-AT and AP-1 in the regulation of the murine IL-4 gene. Immunity 2:473Google Scholar
- 113.Russell SM, Keegan AD, Harada N, Nakamura Y, Noguchi M, Leland P, Friedmann MC, Miyajima A, Puri RK, Paul WE, Leonard WJ (1993) Interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain: a functional component of the interleukin-4 receptor. Science 262:1880Google Scholar
- 114.Ryan JJ, McReynolds LJ, Keegan A, Wang L-H, Garfein E, Rothman P, Nelms K, Paul WE (1996) Growth and gene expression are predominantly controlled by distinct regions of the human IL-4 receptor. Immunity 4:132Google Scholar
- 115.Sad S, Marcotte R, Mosmann TR (1995) Cytokine-induced differentiation of precursor mouse Cd8+ T cells into cytotoxic CD8+ T cells secreting Th1 or Th2 cytokines. Immunity 2:271Google Scholar
- 116.Schmitz J, Thiel A, Kühn R, Rajewsky K, Müller W, Assenmacher M, Radbruch A (1994) Induction of interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression in T helper (Th) cells is not dependent on IL-4 from non-Th cells. J Exp Med 179:1349Google Scholar
- 117.Seder RA, Paul WE, Ben-Sasson SZ, LeGros GS, Kagey-Sobotka A, Finkelman FD, Pierce JH, Plant M (1991) Production of interleukin-4 and other cytokines following stimulation of mast cell lines and in vivo mast cells/basophils. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94:137Google Scholar
- 118.Seder RA, Paul WE, Davis MM, Fazekas de St Groth B (1992) The presence of interleukin 4 during in vitro priming determines the lymphokine-producing potential of CD4+ T cells from T cell receptor transgenic mice. J Exp Med 176:1091Google Scholar
- 119.Shimoda K, Deursen J van, Sangster MY, Sarawar SR, Carson RT, Tripp RA, Chu C, Quelle FW, Nosaka T, Vignali DAA, Doherty PC, Grosveld G, Paul WE, Ihle JN (1996) Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disruptedStat6 gene. Nature 380:630Google Scholar
- 120.Shuai K, Horvath CM, Tsai Huang LH, Qureshi SA, Cowburn D, Darnell JE (1994) Interferon activation of the transcription factor Stat91 involves dimerization through SH2-phosphotyrosyl peptide interactions. Cell 76:821Google Scholar
- 121.Smiley ST, Kaplan MH, Grusby MJ (1997) Immunoglobulin E production in the absence of interleukin-4-secreting CD1-dependent cells. Science 275:977Google Scholar
- 122.Snapper C, Paul WE (1987) Interferon-gamma and B cell stimulatory factor-1 reciprocally regulate Ig isotype production. Science 236:944Google Scholar
- 123.Stark GR, Kerr IM, Williams BR, Silverman RH, Schreiber RD (1998) How cells respond to interferons. Annu Rev Biochem 67:227Google Scholar
- 124.Swain SL, McKenzie DT, Weinberg AD, Hancock W (1988) Characterization of T helper 1 and 2 subsets in normal mice. Helper T cells responsible for IL-4 and IL-5 production are present as precursors that require priming before they develop into lymphokine-secreting cells. J Immunol 141:3445Google Scholar
- 125.Swain SL, Weinberg AD, English M, Huston G (1990) IL-4 directs the development of Th2-like helper effectors. J Immunol 145:3796Google Scholar
- 126.Szabo SJ, Dighe AS, Gubler U, Murphy KM (1997) Regulation of the interleukin (IL)-12R β2 subunit expression in developing T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. J Exp Med 185:817Google Scholar
- 127.Szabo SJ, Gold JS, Murphy TL, Murphy KM (1993) Identification of cis-acting regulatory elements controlling interleukin-4 gene expression in T cells: roles for NF-Y and NF-ATc. Mol Cell Biol 13:4793Google Scholar
- 128.Szabo SL, Jacobson NG, Dighe AS, Gubler U, Murphy KM (1995) Developmental commitment to the Th2 lineage by extinction of IL-12 signaling. Immunity 2:665Google Scholar
- 129.Takeda K, Tanaka T, Shi W, Matsumoto M, Minami M, Kashiwamura S, Nakanishi K, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S (1996) Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling. Nature 380:627Google Scholar
- 130.Takeda K, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Adachi O, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Akira S (1998) Defective NK cell activity and Th1 response in IL-18-deficient mice. Immunity 8:383Google Scholar
- 131.Ting C-N, Olson MC, Barton KP, Leiden JM (1996) Transcription factor GATA-3 is required for development of the T-cell lineage. Nature 384:474Google Scholar
- 132.Todd MD, Grusby MJ, Lederer J, Lacy E, Lichtman AH, Glimcher LH (1993) Transcription of the interleukin 4 gene is regulated by multiple promoter elements. J Exp Med 177:1663Google Scholar
- 133.Tomura M, Maruo S, Mu J, Zhou X-Y, Alm H-J, Hamaoka T, Okamura H, Nakanishi K, Clark S, Kurimoto M, Fujiwara H (1998) Differential capacities of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4-CD8− T cell subsets to express IL-18 receptor and produce IFN-γ in response to IL-18. J Immunol 160:3759Google Scholar
- 134.Uddin S, Chamdin A, Platanias LC (1995) Interaction of the transcriptional activator Stat-2 with the type I interferon receptor. J Biol Chem 270:24 627Google Scholar
- 135.Urban JE, Noben-Trauth N, Donaldson DD, Madden KB, Morris SC, Collins M, Finkelman FD (1998) IL-13, IL-4Rα, and Stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasiteNippostrongylus brasiliensis. Immunity 8:255Google Scholar
- 136.Wang HY, Paul WE, Keegan AD (1996) IL-4 function can be transferred to the IL-2 receptor by tyrosine containing sequences found in the IL-4 receptor α chain. Immunity 4:113Google Scholar
- 137.Wang L-M, Keegan AD, Paul WE, Heidaran MA, Gutkind JS, Pierce JH (1992) IL-4 activates a distinct signal transduction cascade from IL-3 in factor-dependent myeloid cells. EMBO J 11:4899Google Scholar
- 138.Wang LM, Keegan AD, Li W, Lienhard GE, Pacini S, Gutkind JS, Myers MG Jr, Sun XJ, White ME, Aaronson SA, Paul WE, Pierce JH (1993) Common elements in interleukin 4 and insulin signaling pathways in factor-dependent hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:4032Google Scholar
- 139.Wang Z, Reiner SL, Zheng S, Dalton DK, Locksley RM (1994) CD4+ effector cells default to the Th2 pathway in interferon g-deficient mice infected with Leishmania major. J Exp Med 179:1367Google Scholar
- 140.Wenner CA, Güler ML, Macatonia SE, O'Garra A, Murphy KM (1996) Roles of IFN-γ and IFN-α in IL-12-induced T helper cell-1 development. J Immunol 156:1442Google Scholar
- 141.Wenner CA, Szabo SJ, Murphy KM (1997) Identification of IL-4 promoter elements conferring Th2-restricted expression during T helper cell subset development. J Immunol 158:765Google Scholar
- 142.Wu C, Ferrante J, Gately MK, Magram J (1997) Characterization of IL-12 receptor betal chain (IL-12Rβ1)-deficient mice: IL-12Rβ1 is an essential component of the functional mouse IL-12 receptor. J Immunol 159:1658Google Scholar
- 143.Xanthoudakis S, Viola JPB, Shaw KTY, Luo C, Wallace JD, Bozza PT, Curran T, Rao A (1996) An enhanced immune response in mice lacking the transcription factor NFAT1. Science 272:892Google Scholar
- 144.Xu D, Chan WL, Leung BP, Hunter D, Schulz K, Carter RW, McInnes IB, Robinson JH, Liew FY (1998) Selective expression and functions of interleukin 18 receptor on T helper (Th) type 1 but not Th2 cells. J Exp Med 188:1485Google Scholar
- 145.Yan H, Krishnan K, Greenlund AC, Gupta S, Lim JTE, Schreiber RD, Schindler CW, Krolewski JJ (1996) Phosphorylated interferon-α receptor 1 subunit (IFNaR1) acts as a docking site for the latent form of the 113 kDa STAT2 protein. EMBO J 15:1064Google Scholar
- 146.Yan H, Krishnan K, Lim JTE, Contillo LG, Krolewski JJ (1996) Molecular characterization of an alpha interferon receptor 1 subunit (IFNaR1) domain required for TYK2 binding and signal transduction. Mol Cell Biol 16:2074Google Scholar
- 147.Yang C-H, Shi W, Basu L, Murti A, Constantinescu SN, Blatt L, Croze E, Mullersman JE, Pfeffer LM (1996) Direct association of STAT3 with the IFNAR-1 chain of the human type I interferon receptor. J Biol Chem 271:8057Google Scholar
- 148.Yang J, Murphy TL, Ouyang W, Murphy KM (1999) Induction of interferon-γ production in Thl CD4+ T cells: evidence for two distinct pathways for promoter activation. Eur J Immunol 29:548Google Scholar
- 149.Yin T, Tsang ML, Yang YC (1994) JAK1 kinase forms complexes with interleukin-4 receptor and 4PS/insulin receptor substrate-1-like protein and is activated by interleukin-4 and interleukin-9 in T lymphocytes. J Biol Chem 269:26614Google Scholar
- 150.Yoshida H, Nishina H, Takimoto H, Marengere LEM, Wakeham AC, Bouchard D, Kong Y-Y, Ohteki T, Shahinian A, Bachmann M, Ohashi PS, Penninger JM, Crabtree GR, Mak TW (1998) The transcription factor NF-ATc1 regulates lymphocyte proliferation and Th2 cytokine production. Immunity 8:115Google Scholar
- 151.Yoshimoto T, Bendelac A, Watson C, Hu-Li J, Paul WE (1995) Role of NK1.1+ T cells in a Th2 response and in immunoglobulin E production. Science 270:1845Google Scholar
- 152.Yoshimoto T, Takeda K, Tanaka T, Ohkusu K, Kashiwamura S, Okamura H, Akira S, Nakanishi K (1998) IL-12 up-regulates IL-18 receptor expression on T cells, Th1 cells, and B cells: synergism with IL-18 for IFN-γ production. J Immunol 161:3400Google Scholar
- 153.Zhang D-H, Cohn L, Ray P, Bottomly K, Ray A (1997) Transcription factor GATA-3 is differentially expressed in murine Th1 and Th2 cells and controls Th2-specific expression of the interleukin-5 gene. J Biol Chem 272:21597Google Scholar
- 154.Zheng W-P, Flavell RA (1997) The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells. Cell 89:587Google Scholar
- 155.Zou J, Presky DH, Wu C-Y, Gubler U (1997) Differential associations between the cytoplasmic regions of the interleukin-12 receptor subunits β1 and β2 and JAK kinases. J Biol Chem 272:6073Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag 1999