Astrophysics and Space Science

, Volume 37, Issue 1, pp 115–130 | Cite as

Observation of the energy spectrum of cosmic diffuse X-rays in the energy range 20 keV-4 MeV

  • Fumiyoshi Makino
Article
Received:

Abstract

Balloon observations of the cosmic diffuse component of hard X-rays were conducted with two independent directional counters in two energy bands, from 20 keV to 120 keV and from 90 keV to 4 MeV. The build-up effect of primary X-rays and the altitude dependence of atmospheric X-rays were properly taken into account in the analysis of the growth curves. These two experiments gave consistent results in the overlapping energy region. If the differential energy spectrum of the photon flux is represented by a power lawE−α, the value of α is 2.3 up to 100 keV, gradually increases to 2.8 at about 500 keV, and decreases to 2.0 thereabove. The spectrum above 300 keV is in parallel to the Apollo-15 spectrum, whereas the absolute intensity is somewhat smaller. The shape of the spectrum suggests the necessity of a multi-component theory on the origin of cosmic diffuse X-rays.

Keywords

Energy Spectrum Energy Range Growth Curve Energy Band Energy Region 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bleeker, J. A. M. and Deerenberg, A. J. M.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 159, 215.Google Scholar
  2. Bleeker, J. A. M., Burger, J. J., Deerenberg, A. J. M., Scheepmaker, A., Swanenberg, B. N., Tanaka, Y., Hayakawa, S., Makino, F. and Ogawa, H.: 1968,Can. J. Phys. 46, S461.Google Scholar
  3. Brecher, K. and Morrison, P.: 1969,Phys. Rev. Letters 23, 802.Google Scholar
  4. Cowsik, R. and Kobetich, E. J.: 1972,Astrophys. J. 177, 585.Google Scholar
  5. Damle, S. V., Daniel, R. R., Joseph, G., and Lavakare, P. J.: 1971,Astrophys. Space Sci. 14, 473.Google Scholar
  6. Daniel, R. R. and Stephens, S. A.: 1974,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 12, 233.Google Scholar
  7. Danjo, A.: 1972,J. Phys. Soc. Japan 33, 890.Google Scholar
  8. Danjo, A., Hayakawa, S., Ikeda, M., Makino, F., Tanaka, Y., Agrawal, P. C., Gokhale, G. S., and Sreekantan, B. V.: 1971,Space Res. 11, 1373.Google Scholar
  9. Denis, B. R., Suri, A. N., and Frost, K. J.: 1973,Astrophys. J. 186, 97.Google Scholar
  10. Dyer, C. S. and Morfill, G. E.: 1971,Astrophys. Space Sci. 14, 243.Google Scholar
  11. Felten, J. E. and Morrison, P.: 1966,Astrophys. J. 146, 686.Google Scholar
  12. Fichtel, C. E., Kniffen, D. A., and Hartman, R. C.: 1973,Astrophys. J. Letters 186, L99.Google Scholar
  13. Fishman, G. J.: 1972,Astrophys. J. 171, 163.Google Scholar
  14. Fukada, Y., Hayakawa, S., Ikeda, M., Kasahara, I., Makino, F., and Tanaka, Y.: 1975a,Astrophys. Space Sci. 32, L1.Google Scholar
  15. Fukada, Y., Hayakawa, S., Kasahara, I., Makino, F., Tanaka, Y., and Sreekantan, B. V.: 1975b, to be published inNature.Google Scholar
  16. Golenetskii, S. V., Mozets, E. P., Il'inskii, V. N., Aptekar', L. R., Bredov, M. M., Gur'yan, Yu. A., and Panov, V. N.: 1971,Astrophys. Letters 9, 69.Google Scholar
  17. Gorenstein, P., Kellogg, E. M., and Gursky, H.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 156, 315.Google Scholar
  18. Hayakawa, S. and Sugimoto, D.: 1971,Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. No. 49, 148.Google Scholar
  19. Horstman, H. and Horstman-Moretti, E.: 1971,Nature Phys. Sci. 229, 148.Google Scholar
  20. Horstman-Moretti, E., Fuligni, F., Horstman, H. M., and Brini, D.: 1974,Astrophys. Space Sci. 27, 195.Google Scholar
  21. Ikeda, M.: 1975,Astrophys. Space Sci. 35, 255.Google Scholar
  22. Lidén, K. and Starfelt, N.: 1953,Arkiv Fysik 7, 427.Google Scholar
  23. Makino, F.: 1970,Astrophys. Space Sci. 8, 251.Google Scholar
  24. Manchanda, R. K., Biswas, S., Agrawal, P. C., Gokhale, G. S., Iyengar, V. S., Kunte, P. K., and Sreekantan, B. V.: 1972,Astrophys. Space Sci. 15, 272.Google Scholar
  25. Matteson, J. L., Ling, J. C., and Peterson, L. E.: 1974, in B. G. Taylor (ed.),Proc. of Ninth ESLAB Symposium, ESRO Sp-106.Google Scholar
  26. Metzger, A. E., Anderson, E. C., Van Dilla, M. A., and Arnold, J. R.: 1964,Nature 204, 766.Google Scholar
  27. Miller, W. F. and Snow, W. J.: 1961,Nucleonics 19, 174.Google Scholar
  28. Moretti-Horstman, E. and Horstman, H.: 1971, Note Tecniche NS-14/5/1971, Lab. TE.S.R.E.-C.N.R., Bologna.Google Scholar
  29. Moretti-Horstman, E. and Horstman, H.: 1972, Note Scientifiche NS-21, Lab. TE.S.R.E.-C.N.R. Bologna.Google Scholar
  30. Palmieri, T. M., Burginyon, G. A., Grader, R. W., Seward, F. D., and Steoring, J. P.: 1971,Astrophys. J. 169, 33.Google Scholar
  31. Rangan, K. K., Bhavsar, P. D., and Nerurkar, N. W.: 1969,J. Geophys. Res. 74, 5139.Google Scholar
  32. Schönfelder, V. and Lichti, G.: 1974,Astrophys. J. Letters 191, L1.Google Scholar
  33. Schwartz, D. A.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 162, 439.Google Scholar
  34. Schwartz, D. A. and Gursky, H.: 1973, in F. W. Stecker and J. I. Trombka (eds.),Gamma-Ray Astrophysics, NASA Sp-339, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  35. Schwartz, D. A. and Peterson, L. E.: 1974,Astrophys. J. 190, 297.Google Scholar
  36. Share, G. H., Kinzer, R. L., and Seeman, N.: 1974,Astrophys. J. 187, 511.Google Scholar
  37. Silk, J.: 1970,Space Sci. Rev. 11, 671.Google Scholar
  38. Stecker, F. W.: 1969,Astrophys. J. 157, 507.Google Scholar
  39. Stecker, F. W.: 1973, in F. W. Stecker and J. I. Trombka (eds.),Gamma-Ray Astrophysics, NASA Sp-339, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
  40. Stecker, F. W., Morgan, D. L., and Bredekamp, J.: 1971,Phys. Rev. Letters 27, L1469.Google Scholar
  41. Tanaka, Y.: 1974, in B. G. Taylor (ed.),Proc. of Ninth ESLAB Symposium, ESRO Sp-106.Google Scholar
  42. Thompson, D. J.: 1974,J. Geophys. Res. 79, 1309.Google Scholar
  43. Toor, A., Seward, F. D., Cathey, L. R., and Kunkel, W. E.: 1970,Astrophys. J. 160, 209.Google Scholar
  44. Trombka, J. I., Metzger, A. E., Arnold, J. R., Matteson, J. L., Reedy, R. C., and Peterson, L. E.: 1973,Astrophys. J. 181, 737.Google Scholar
  45. Vedrenne, G., Albernhe, F., Martin, I., and Talon, R.: 1971,Astron. Astrophys. 15, 50.Google Scholar
  46. Vette, J. I., Gruber, D., Matteson, J. L., and Peterson, L. E.: 1970,Astrophys. J. Letters 160, L161.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© D. Reidel Publishing Company 1975

Authors and Affiliations

  • Fumiyoshi Makino
    • 1
  1. 1.Dept. of PhysicsNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan

Personalised recommendations