Spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage

Summary

Twenty-one patients with spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) were reviewed with particular reference to the clinical outcome. Based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) findings, as well as possible mechanisms governing the formation of IVH, we were able to identify two separate groups: (1) patients with haemorrhage into ventricles without clinical or CT evidence of a lesion in adjacent brain parenchyma and (ii) patients with IVH occurring as a result of erosion of the ventricular wall by either a juxtaventricular small haematoma shown by CT and/or IVH with focal neurological deficit. Out of 12 patients in the first group, 8 survived and resumed their previous activities; in the second group (i.e. patients with clinical and/or CT evidence of adjacent intraparenchymal bleeding only three patients survived, two with considerable handicap. The overall prognosis, however, was significantly better in patients with IVH of unknown cause. Altered sensorium as an initial presentation was associated with a grave prognosis, irrespective of the cause of IVH. The outcome was not affected by the age of patient or the amount of blood within the ventricles. Our data suggest a favourable outcome in a relatively large percentage of patients with spontaneous IVH, if there is no clinical or CT evidence of concomitant parenchymal bleeding. Hence we question the notion that there is a grave prognosis in all kinds of IVH.