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L'expression morphologique de la digamétie chez les sauropsidés et les monotrèmes

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Summary

  1. 1.

    In nine species of Reptiles (Crocodilians, Lacertilians, Ophidians, Chelonians) no difference between the chromosome sets of male and female could be observed.

  2. 2.

    Morphologically differentiated heterochromosomes thus do not exist in this class.

  3. 3.

    This result agrees with the conclusions of Matthey and is in contradiction with those of Oguma, Makino and other Japanese cytologists.

  4. 4.

    In three species of Birds one of the macrochromosomes was found to be without a mate in the female sex; it is impossible to state whether a W chromosome is present.

  5. 5.

    The observation and identification of an unpaired Z chromosome in the female sex of Birds fully justifies the conclusions of Oguma, Yamashina c. s.; however, Matthey's scepticism remains legitimate in so far as it is impossible to specify the type of female heterogamety (ZO or ZW).

  6. 6.

    Cytological evidence does not support the hypothesis that the microchromosomes of Birds are non-chromosomal particles.

  7. 7.

    In the Spiny Ant Eater (Monotremata) an unpaired X chromosome was found in the male; the material at hand did not allow for a decision between XO and XY type of male heterogamety.

  8. 8.

    The type of sex chromosomes is the only cytological character that is exclusively typical of each of the three higher Vertebrate classes.

  9. 9.

    The evidence hitherto obtained concerning the sex chromosomes in the different classes of Vertebrates can be summarized as follows:

    Fishes: no cytologically recognizable sex chromosomes; Amphibians: no cytologically recognizable sex chromosomes; Reptiles: no cytologically recognizable sex chromosomes; Birds: female heterogamety (ZO, ZW ?); Monotremes: male heterogamety (XO, XY ?); Other Mammals: male heterogamety of the XY type; rarely, multiple sex chromosomes.

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  1. Du Laboratoire de Zoologie et d'Anatomie comparée de l'Université de Lausanne et du Genetisch Instituut van de Rijksunivereiteit, Utrecht, Netherlands

    Janny M. van Brink

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van Brink, J.M. L'expression morphologique de la digamétie chez les sauropsidés et les monotrèmes. Chromosoma 10, 1–72 (1959). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396564

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