The a.c. impedance response of concrete during early hydration
Abstract
The complex impedance response of fresh concrete was investigated over the frequency range 100 Hz–10 MHz, together with resistivity measurements on the interstitial water phase. The work corroborates and extends previous studies both in the range of concretes tested and modelling of the data. It is shown that the contained water-phase within the concrete exerts a considerable influence of the impedance response and, as such, is related to the type of cemetitious binder. When the bulk resistivity of the concrete is normalized by that of the contained water, a direct relationship exists between this value and the fractional water content of the concrete. Possibilities exist for the application of impedance spectroscopy techniques in the quality control of structural concrete.
Keywords
Polymer Hydration Material Processing Impedance Spectroscopy Direct RelationshipPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
- 4.K. Brantervik, A. Berg, G. A. Niklasson, B. Hedberg and L. O. Nilsson, Europhys. Lett. 13 (1990) 549.Google Scholar
- 5.
- 6.A. Berg, G. A. Niklasson, K. Brantervik, B. Hedberg and L. O. Nilsson, Solid State Commun. 79 (1991) 93.Google Scholar
- 7.
- 8.A. Berg, G. A. Niklasson, K. Brantervik, B. Hedberg and L. O. Nilsson, J. Appl. Phys. 71 (1992) 5897.Google Scholar
- 9.
- 10.Idem, ibid. 23 (1993) 157.Google Scholar
- 11.
- 12.
- 13.
- 14.Idem, ibid. 23 (1993) 853.Google Scholar
- 15.R. T. Coverdale, E. J. Garboczi, H. M. Jennings, B. J. Christensen and T. O. Mason, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76 (1993) 1153.Google Scholar
- 16.B. J. Christensen, R. T. Coverdale, R. A. Olsen, S. J. Forde, E. J. Garboczi, H. M. Jennings and T. O. Mason, ibid. 77 (1994) 2789.Google Scholar
- 17.R. T. Coverdale, B. J. Christensen, T. O. Mason, H. M. Jennings and E. J. Garboczi, J. Mater. Sci. 29 (1994) 4984.Google Scholar
- 18.R. T. Coverdale, B. J. Christensen, H. M. Jennings, T. O. Mason, D. P. Bentz and E. J. Garboczi, ibid. 30 (1995) 712.Google Scholar
- 19.S. J. Forde, T. O. Mason, B. J. Christensen, R. T. Coverdale, H. M. Jennings and E. J. Garboczi, ibid. 30 (1995) 1217.Google Scholar
- 20.W. J. McCarter, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 411.Google Scholar
- 21.
- 22.W. J. McCarter, Cem. Concr. Res. 24 (1994) 1097.Google Scholar
- 23.Y. Schimizu, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imperial Univ., First Ser. 17 (1) (1928) 28.Google Scholar
- 24.M. G. Baire, Rev. Mater. Construct. Travaux Publics (Paris) 272 (1932) 182.Google Scholar
- 25.
- 26.
- 27.J. Calleja, J. Am. Conc. Inst. 23 (1952) 329.Google Scholar
- 28.
- 29.Idem, ibid. 199 (1955) 114.Google Scholar
- 30.H. W. Whittington, W. J. McCarter and M. C. Forde, Mag. Concr. Res. 33 (114) (1981) 48.Google Scholar
- 31.
- 32.F. D. Tamas, Cem. Concr. Res. 12 (1) (1982) 115.Google Scholar
- 33.R. Morelli, PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh (1985) 179.Google Scholar
- 34.B. P. Hughes, A. K. D. Soleit and R. W. Brierly, Mag. Concr. Res. 37 (133) (1985) 243.Google Scholar
- 35.F. D. Tamas, M. Farkas, M. Voros and D. Roy, in “Proceedings of the 8 th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement”, Rio-de-Janeiro, Brazil, 22–27 September, (Alba Gráfica e Editora Ltda.) Vol. VI (1986) pp. 374–80.Google Scholar
- 36.
- 37.
- 38.
- 39.
- 40.
- 41.C. A. Heiland, “Geophysical Exploration” (New York, Prentice Hall, 1946).Google Scholar
- 42.G. E. Monfore, J. PCA Res. Devel. Labs. 10 (2) (1968) 35.Google Scholar
- 43.British Standards Institution BS 12: “Specification for ordinary and rapid hardening Portland cement” (BSI, London, 1978).Google Scholar
- 44.British Standards Institution BS 4027: “Specification for sulphate resisting Portland cement” (BSI, London, 1980).Google Scholar
- 45.British Standards Institution BS 3892: “Specification for pulverised fuel ash for use as a cementitious component in structural concrete”, (BSI, London, 1982).Google Scholar
- 46.British Standards Institution BS 6699: “Specification for ground granulated blastfurnace slag for use with Portland cement” (BSI, London, 1985).Google Scholar
- 47.British Standards Institution BS 882: “Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete” (BSI, London, 1983).Google Scholar
- 48.D. C. Teychenne, J. C. Nicholls, R. E. Franklin, R. E. Hobbs and H. C. Erntroy, “Design of normal concrete mixes” (Department of the Environment, HMSO, London 1975), pp 11–21.Google Scholar
- 49.British Standards Institution BS 1881: Part 116: “Method for determination of compressive strength of concrete cubes” (BSI, London, 1983).Google Scholar
- 50.British Standards Institution BS 1881: Part 108: “Method for making test cubes from fresh concrete” (BSI, London, 1983).Google Scholar
- 51.B. A. Boukamp, “Equivalent Circuit: EQUIVCRT.PAS”, University of Twente, Department of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands (1989).Google Scholar
- 52.
- 53.G. Schwarz, ibid. 66 (1962) 2636.Google Scholar
- 54.J. B. Hasted, “Aqueous Dielectrics” (Chapman and Hall, London, 1973).Google Scholar