Urological Research

, Volume 23, Issue 1, pp 63–69 | Cite as

Rapid computer-assisted infrared analysis of urinary calculi using photoacoustic detection

  • N. Gould
  • P. C. Hallson
  • G. P. Kasidas
  • C. T. Samuell
  • T. B. Weir
Original Paper

Abstract

The application of commercial spectrum-analysing software to quantitative analysis of urinary stones by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry is described. The infrared technique is straightforward in comparison with other stone analysis procedures of similar scope and affords significant time savings. The use of partial least squares regression in the analysis program enables better quantitation of stone components than has been hitherto possible using infrared methods. All the principal and many less common stone constituents can be detected and measured. Photoacoustic detection was employed, thus enabling non-destructive analysis with minimal sample preparation. A comparison is made between the infrared procedure, and the hybrid thermogravimetric plus “wet” chemistry technique, which it has superseded for routine urinary stone analysis in the authors' department.

Key words

Infrared analysis Urinary calculi Photoacoustic detection 

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Babić-Ivančić V, Füredi-Milhofer H, Milat O, Brown WE, Gregory TM (1985) The conditions for precipitation of uric acid and sodium acid urate. In: Schwille PO, Smith LH, Robertson WG, Vahlensieck W (eds) Urolithiasis and Related Clinical Research. Plenum, New York, p 785Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Beischer DE (1955) Analysis of renal calculi by infrared spectroscopy. J Urol 73:653Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Bellanato J (1990) Infrared spectroscopy of urinary calculi. In: Buck AC, Wickham JEA (eds) Renal Tract Stone. Churchill-Livingstone, Edinburgh p 45Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Belton PS, Wilson RH, Saffa AM (1987) Effects of particle size on quantitative photoacoustic spectroscopy using a gas-microphone cell. Anal Chem 59:2378Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Berthelot M, Cornu G, Daudon M, helbert M, Laurence C (1987) Computer-aided infrared analysis of urinary calculi. Clin Chem 33:2070Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Dawson RMC, Elliot DC, Elliot WH, Jones KM (1969) Data for Biochemical Research 2nd edn Oxford University Press, London p 619Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Gault MH, Ahmed M, Kalra J, Senciall I, Cohen W, Churchill D (1980) Comparison of infrared and wet chemical analysis of urinary tract calculi. Clin Chim Acta 104:349Google Scholar
  8. 8.
    González-Díaz PF, Hildago A, (1976) Infrared spectra of calcium apatites. Spectrochimica Acta 32A:631Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    González-Díaz PF, García-Ramos JV, Santos M (1979) Composition of apatites in human urinary calculi. Calcif Tissue Int 28:215Google Scholar
  10. 10.
    Haaland DM, Thomas EV (1988) Partial least squares methods for spectral analysis. 1. Relation to other quantitative calibration methods and the extraction of qualitative information. Analytical Chemistry 60:1193Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    Hallson PC, Kasidas GP, Samuell CT (1993) Preparation of calibrant materials for renal calculi analysis — some problems solved. Communications in Laboratory Medicine 2:5Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Hesse A, Gergeleit M, Schüller P, Möller K (1989) Analysis of urinary stones by computerized infrared spectroscopy. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 27:639Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Hodgkinson A (1971) A combined qualitative and quantitative procedure for the chemical analysis of urinary calculi. J Clin Pathol 24:147Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Laskowski D (1965) Chemical microscopy of urinary calculi. Anal Chem 37:1399Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Lehmann CA, McClure GL, Smolens I (1988) Identification of renal calculi by computerized infrared spectroscopy. Clin Chim Acta 173:107Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Morriss R, Beeler M (1967) X-ray diffraction analysis of 464 urinary calculi. Am J Clin Pathol 18:413Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Oliver LK, Sweet RV (1976) A system of interpretation of infrared spectra of calculi for routine use in the clinical laboratory. Clin Chim Acta 72:17Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Rose GA, Woodfine C (1976) The thermogravimetric analysis of renal stones (in clinical practice). Br J Urol 48:403Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Sutor DJ, Wooley SE (1970) The composition of urinary calcul by X-ray diffraction. Br J Brol 42:302Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Tsay Y-C (1961) Application of infrared spectroscopy to the analysis of urinary calculi. J Urol 86:838Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Varley H, Gowenlock AH, Bell M (1980) Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Vol.1 5th edn. Heinemann, London p 1175Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Volmer M, Bolck A, Wolthers BG, Ruiter AJ de Doornbos DA, Slik W van de (1993) Partial least-squares regression for the routine analysis of urinary calculus composition with Fourier transform infrared analysis. Clin Chem 39:948Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    Westbury EJ, Omenogor P (1970) A quantitative approach to the analysis of renal calculi. J Medical Laboratory Technology 27:462Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Yang CQ, Fateley WG (1986) The effect of particle size on Fourier-transform infrared photoacoustic spectra. J Molecular Structure 146:25Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 1995

Authors and Affiliations

  • N. Gould
    • 1
  • P. C. Hallson
    • 2
  • G. P. Kasidas
    • 1
  • C. T. Samuell
    • 1
  • T. B. Weir
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity College London, Medical SchoolLondonUK
  2. 2.Institute of Urology and NephrologyUniversity College London, Medical SchoolLondonUK

Personalised recommendations