Summary
A filter paper surface cultivation method (previously described as a tool for strain selection by Röhr et al. 1979) was adopted as a cultivation system for citric acid production on a small scale and compared with submerged cultivation. Citric acid production in the submerged system was optimal at defined low concentrations of zinc, ferrous and manganese ions, defined phosphate and nitrogen concentrations and within a defined initial pH. In constrast, citric acid production in the filter paper system was not at all influenced by any of these variables. On the other hand, optimal citrate production in both systems required a high (10%–14%, w/v) sucrose concentration. This identifies sugar concentration as a most significant parameter for citrate production, whereas all other nutritional effects are related to the cultivation system used.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Choudhary AQ, Pirt SJ (1966) The influence of metal complexing agents on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. J Gen Microbiol 43:71–81
Clark DS, Ito K, Horitsu H (1966) Effect of manganese and other heavy metals on submerged citric acid fermentation of molasses. Biotechnol Bioeng 8:465–471
Hartford CG (1962) Rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of itaconic, citric, aconitic and fumaric acids. Anal Chem 34:426–428
Hossain M, Brooks JD, Maddox IS (1984) The effect of the sugar source on citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 19:393–397
Kirimura K, Nakajima I, Lee SP, Kawabe S, Usami S (1988) Citric acid production by the diploid strains of Aspergillus niger obtained by protoplast fusion. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 27:504–506
Kristiansen B, Charley R (1981) Continuous process for production of citric acid. In: Moo-Young M (ed) Advances in Biotechnology, vol. 1. Pergamon Press, Toronto, pp 221–227
Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1977) Influence of manganese on enzyme synthesis and citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger. Eur J Appl Microbiol 4:167–173
Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1986) Citric acid fermentation. CRC Crit Rev Biotechnol 3:331–373
Kubicek CP, Hampel W, Röhr M (1979) Manganese deficiency leads to elevated amino acid pools in citric acid producing Aspergillus niger Arch Microbiol 123:73–79
Kubicek CP, Zehentgruber O, El-Kalak H, Röhr M (1980) Regulation of citric acid by oxygen: effect of dissolved oxygen tension on adenylate levels and respiration. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 9:101–116
Ma H, Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1985) Metabolic effects of manganese deficiency in Aspergillus niger. Evidence for increased protein degradation. Arch Microbiol 141:266–268
Mischak H, Kubicek CP, Röhr M (1985) Formation and location of glucose oxidase in citric acid producing mycelia of Aspergillus niger. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 21:27–31
Noguchi Y, Johnson MJ (1961) Citric acid fermentation of sugars purified with chelating resin. J Bacteriol 82:538–541
Röhr M, Stadler PJ, Salzbrunn WOJ, Kubicek CP (1979) An improved method for characterization of citrate production by conidia of Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Lett 1:281–286
Röhr M, Kubicek CP, Kominek J (1983) Citric acid. In: Rehm HJ, Reed G (eds) Biotechnology, vol. 3. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 419–454
Saffran M, Denstedt OF (1948) A rapid method for the determination of citric acid. J Biol Chem 175:849–855
Sanchez-Marroquin A, Carreno R, Ledezma M (1971) Effect of trace elements on citric acid fermentation by Aspergillus niger Appl Microbiol 20:888–892
Shu P, Johnson MJ (1948a) Citric acid production by submerged fermentation with Aspergillus niger. Ind Eng Chem 40:1202–1205
Shu P, Johnson MJ (1948b) The interdependence of medium constituents in citric acid production by submerged fermentation. J Bacteriol 56:577–585
Tomlinson N, Campbell JJR, Trussell PC (1950) The influence of zinc, iron, copper and manganese on the production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger J Bacteriol 61:17–21
Tomlinson N, Campbell JJR, Trussell PC (1951) The influence of zinc, iron, copper and manganese on the production of citric acid by Aspergillus niger. J Bacteriol 59:217–227
Tsay SS, To KY (1987) Citric acid production using immobilized conidia of Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Bioeng 29:297–304
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, DB., Kubicek, C.P. & Röhr, M. A comparison of factors influencing citric acid production by Aspergillus niger grown in submerged culture and on filter paper. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 30, 444–449 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263848
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00263848