Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

, Volume 26, Issue 5, pp 456–461 | Cite as

Ergosterol content of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 5905 grown in liquid and solid substrates

  • M. J. R. Nout
  • T. M. G. Bonants-van Laarhoven
  • P. de Jongh
  • P. G. de Koster
Applied Microbiology

Summary

The ergosterol content of Rhizopus oligosporus NRRL 5905 varied between 2–24 μg/ mg biomass dry matter when grown in laboratory media and was found to be influenced by the substrate composition.

When grown on a natural substrate (soya beans) the ergosterol content was considerably higher (estimated at approx. 60–90 μg/mg biomass dry matter).

In laboratory media, the ergosterol content was also influenced by the extent of aeration and the growth phase of the mycelium; within the range of 25° C–35° C, the incubation temperature did not influence the ergosterol content significantly.

In view of these variations, ergosterol should not be used as a chemical index for the quantification of biomass grown in static solid-substrate fermentations with limited mass transfer, e.g. tempe or oncom.

Keywords

Biomass Fermentation Mass Transfer Aeration Growth Phase 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arima K, Uozumi T (1967) A new method for the estimation of the mycelial weight in koji. Agric Biol Chem 31:119–123Google Scholar
  2. Cannel E, Moo-Young M (1980a) Solid-state fermentation systems. Process biochem 15:2, 4 6–7Google Scholar
  3. Cannel E, Moo-Young M (1980b) Solid-state fermentation systems. Process Biochem 15:24–28Google Scholar
  4. Charles M, Gavin JR (1977) Engineering studies of the tempe fermentation. In: Steinkraus KH (ed) Handbook of indigenous fermented foods. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 74–87Google Scholar
  5. Cousin MA, Zeidler CS, Nelson PE (1984) Chemical detection of mold in processed foods. J Food Sci 49:439–445Google Scholar
  6. Delaveau J, Lipus G, Moll M (1983) Importance des stérols au cours du cycle de la levure de brasserie. Bios 14:37–40Google Scholar
  7. Finger SM, Hatch RT, Regan TM (1976) Aerobic microbial growth in semisolid matrices: heat and mass transfer limitation. Biotechnol Bioeng 18:1193–1218Google Scholar
  8. Harris CM, Kell DB (1985) The estimation of microbial biomass. Biosensors 1:17–84Google Scholar
  9. Jarvis B, Seiler DAL, Ould AJL, Williams AP (1983) Observations on the enumeration of moulds in food and feeding-stuffs. J Appl Bact 55:325–336Google Scholar
  10. Ko SD, Hesseltine CW (1979) Tempe and related foods. In: Rose AH (ed) Economic Microbiology, Vol. 4. Microbial Biomass. Academic Press, London, pp 115–140Google Scholar
  11. Kronenberg H-J, Hang YD (1985) A puncture test method for monitoring solid substrate fermentation. J Food Sci 50:539–540Google Scholar
  12. Lindenfelser LA, Ciegler A (1975) Solid-substrate fermentor for ochratoxin A production. Appl Microbiol 29:323–327Google Scholar
  13. Matcham SE, Jordan BR, Wood DA (1985) Estimation of fungal biomass in a soild substrate by three independent methods. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 21:108–112Google Scholar
  14. Nout MJR (1984) Influence of sample size and analytical procedure on the variance of surface mould plate counts of maizekernels. Chem Mikrobiol Technol Lebensm 8:133–136Google Scholar
  15. Rathbun BL, Shuler ML (1983) Heat and mass transfer effects in static solid-substrate fermentations: design of fermentation chambers. Biotechnol Bioeng 25:929–938Google Scholar
  16. Sakaguchi K, Okazaki H, Takeuchi M (1955) A note on the comparison of koji and submerged cultures. J Agr Chem Soc Japan 29:349Google Scholar
  17. Schipper MAA, Stalpers JA (1984) A revision of the genus Rhizopus. 2. The Rhizopus microsporus group. Studies in Mycology (Baarn) No. 25:20–34Google Scholar
  18. Seitz LM, Mohr HE, Burroughs R, Sauer DB (1977) Ergosterol as an indicator of fungal invasion in grains. Cereal Chem 54:1207–1217Google Scholar
  19. Seitz LM, Sauer DB, Burroughs R, Mohr HE, Hubbard JD (1979) Ergosterol as a measure of fungal growth. Phytopath 69:1202–1203Google Scholar
  20. Seitz LM, Pomeranz Y (1983) Ergosterol, ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol peroxide, and chitin in ergoty barley, rye and other grasses. J Agric Food Chem 31:1036–1038Google Scholar
  21. Weete JD, Lawler GC, Laseter JL (1973) Total lipid and sterol components of Rhizopus arrhizus: identification and metabolism. Arch Biochem Biophys 155:411–419Google Scholar
  22. Yamamoto K (1957) Studies on koji. 1. A new analytical method of koji. Bull Agr Chem Soc Japan 21:308–312Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag 1987

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. J. R. Nout
    • 2
  • T. M. G. Bonants-van Laarhoven
    • 2
  • P. de Jongh
    • 2
  • P. G. de Koster
    • 1
  1. 1.DMV CampinaVeghelThe Netherlands
  2. 2.Department of Food ScienceAgricultural UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands

Personalised recommendations